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a9&$:"7H C$9B3&&&$43 5>)(*6$A;6$a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area fogliare (cm2) media e danni fitotossici da rame rilevati su piante di Actinidia deliciosa e di Actinidia chinensis sottoposte a trattamenti con differenti agrofarmaci rameici (SR, SRP) alla dose di campo (dc), al doppio (2dc) ed al triplo (3dc) della stessa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itrato di Rame + Aminoacidi + Estratti di Alghe Ac. Fosforoso, N, Fe, Mn, Zn + Complesso Elicitore Specifico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ercentuale piante malate Percentuale piante malate 100 100 80 80 4?@> 4<=> 60 4<1> % % 60 40 40 le en im er Sp im 6+789&(&+%')*+7&'(&+%(,%:&&.;')%1252 ta on ta en im er Sp M M e le e on im st Te en im er Sp st im Te ta on le e le ta en im er Sp M F F e on im st Te st 0 Te 0 F 20 M 20 F 4=?> !"#$%"&'()*+,"*+)-./ /*0)1&23&,&2&)4)56+7")#")-&7+22"& /'7"*"8&)9&,6"('%+)():"*+7,"%%+%"&'( /*0)1&23&,&2&)4).&27+'%+);,<+'"*+ 9;-; F,+77+6('7& -!AB/=.CDE/ F,+77+6('7& -./)"')/$7$''& -('(7,+=3$&,"(2*()>#+")8(#$'*&?"@)+??+),+**&?7+)#(")3,$77" ()>#+")8"**"&?"@)+??+)*+#$7+)#(??()3&<?"( !"#$ !"# %&'()*++&+*(,-./-''-.!)(/0+*(,* peso medio frutti verde e giallo !-4(.5-/*(.67)28.9)011*./*.:*;*.%-)/-.-.:*;*.<*&''( 120 110,3 94,8 87,6 80,1 grammi 80 40 !)(12.#+2 !)(12."3-)2 G ia llo sp er im en ta le G ia llo te st im on e ve rd e sp er im en ta le te st im on e Ve rd e 0 =>"?@A#A> "1&7*(,-.BCDC !"#$%&'&" ()*+,-./0/12)3)1415**/12/1+3,6/7,*058/)*, 94::;<4:=:>1/*1/73/5*0/1()*1?#' CONTENIMENTO DELLA MALATTIA Parametro considerato (% piante con) Kiwi Verde femmine Kiwi Verde maschi Kiwi Giallo femmine Kiwi Giallo maschi sintomi - 47% - 73% - 36% - 42% necrosi fiorali - 42% spot su rami di 1 anno - 75 % - 71% - 27% - 6% spot su rami di 2-4 anni - 53% - 76% - 31% - 27% - 48% EFFETTI SULLA PRODUZIONE DI FRUTTI Parametro considerato Qualità frutti Kiwi Verde Kiwi Giallo testimone sperimentale testimone sperimentale ottima ottima ottima ottima Incremento peso medio frutti + 14,7 g + 22,7 g Incremento produzione/ha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alestra G.M., L. Fratarcangeli, A. Mazzaglia, A. Quattrucci, R. Spinelli, S. Graziani, S. Molducci e A Rossetti (2008). Bacterial Canker on Actinidia chinensis. L’Informatore Agrario, 11, 75-76. Balestra G.M. , A. Mazzaglia, A. Quattrucci, M. Renzi, L. Ricci, A. Rossetti (2009). The spread of kiwifruit bacterial canker increases in Italy. L’Informatore Agrario, 24, 58-60. Balestra G.M., Mazzaglia A, Quattrucci A., Renzi M., and A. Rossetti (2009). Current status of bacterial canker spread on kiwifruit in Italy. Australasian Plant Disease Note 4, 34-36. Balestra G.M. , Mazzaglia A., Quattrucci A, Renzi M. (2009). Occurrence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in Jin Tao kiwi plants in Italy. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 48, 299–301. Mazzaglia A., Renzi M., Taratufolo M.C., Gallipoli L., Bernardino R., Ricci L, Quattrucci A., Rossetti A. Balestra G.M. (2010). Cancro Batterico dell’Actinidia in Italia: il punto della situazione. Rivista di Frutticoltura 9, 66-76. ~ 6// Balestra G.M., Renzi M., Mazzaglia A. (2010). First report of bacterial canker of Actinidia deliciosa caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in Portugal. New Disease Reports, Vol. 22, 10. !"# $%#&'()*(+,-", ./0(12 6 3/0(45 6/0(72 8(9 B+<CDE'B"4&38"0.18#'4.3'$>+%3"7#$8/3&F'$.'<#3.-8.F'$&'C&8/3&'.'$>D1.3%"& B+<CD !"#$#%"&'("')*+ ,)-./(#0#1&- -23"1&%. 456'&78"1"("&.9'&%.18.'(.$':&173#'!&88.3"7# ;3/44#'("'<"8#=&88.3"#$#%"& (.$$>?1"5.3-"8@ (.%$"'*8/("'(.$$&'A/-7"& Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (PSA) ! Cancro Batterico su/in piante di Actinidia spp. in Italia Inverno PSA, Riduzione dell’attività biologica "@/??'$#$%&1 Sopravvivenza -5,'35+$8'00'$2-/5,'6$>/5>3-6 2+3:-+5-$-5;',,'$5+5$'0-.-5/,' Reinfezioni /2'3,43'$5/,43/0-6 7'0/,'6$9-+0'5,-$,'.2+3/0-6$ 2+,/,43/6$2+3:-+5-$-5;',,'$5+5$'0-.-5/,'6$,/70-$ "< =$>.1 5+5$8-?-5;',,/,-$'$?-7-00/,-6$ '??48/,-6$3/8->-6 Autunno 7'0/,'6$73/58-5/,' PSA, Ripresa dell’attività biologica "#$%& '$($)*$+,,-./0-1 Infezioni 3/>>+0,/$;34,,-6$>/84,/$;+70-'A 2+3:-+5-$-5;',,'$5+5$'0-.-5/,'A Reinfezioni /2'3,43'$5/,43/0-6$>/5>3-6$'??48/,-6$ 73/58-5/,'6$,'.2+3/0-6$7'0/,' Primavera PSA, Incremento della attività biologica "#$%&$'$($)*$+,,-./0-1 Infezioni /2'3,43'$5/,43/0-6 7'0/,'$,/38-9'6 9-+0'5,-$,'.2+3/0-6$2+,/,43/ Reinfezioni Estate PSA, Riduzione dell’attività biologica "#$%&$'0'9/,'$'$3-8+,,/$($)*1 Sopravvivenza -5,'35+$8'00'$2-/5,'$"54+9-$,3/0>-16 ?-,-$23+,',,-$";'3-,'6$>/5>3-16 3-8+,,/$?+23/99-9'5:/$?400'$;+70-' Reinfezioni /2'3,43'$5/,43/0-6$2+3:-+5-$-5;',,'$5+5$'0-.-5/,'6 ,/70-$"< =$>.1 5+5$8-?-5;',,/,-$'$?-7-00/,-6 '??48/,-6$2+,/,43/6$3/8->-6 9-+0'5,-$,'.2+3/0-6$73/58-5/,' /2'3,43'$5/,43/0-6$2+3:-+5-$-5;',,'$5+5$'0-.-5/,'6 ,/70-$"< =$>.1$5+5$8-?-5;',,/,-$'$?-7-00/,-6 '??48/,-6$>/5>3-6$2+,/,43/6$3/8->-6 9-+0'5,-$,'.2+3/0-6$73/58-5/,' C.=DEF*C&6"#$&2%3$1*6%#*:?.5#&(1:$0#"G*:%*=1#%'$%G*:"*D"$0#"*%*:?E3%#5&" C.=DE !"#"$$%#&'$&()%*+&*,-. /,'%0+1213"' '4#&3"5% 678*"($&3&+&"%9*"5%3$%*+%:*!"3(#1*;"$$%#&(1 <#0661*+&*=&$1>"$$%#&1:15&" +%::?@3&7%#'&$A +%5:&*-$0+&*+%::"*B0'(&" IDENTIFICAZIONE PSA Analisi Genetico-Molecolari Authori geni ampliconi (bp) Falsi positivi (P.s. pathovars) Koh & Nou, 2002 Rees-George et al., 2010 Gallelli & Loreti, 2010 SCAR (from RAPD) ITS Duplex PCR: Koh & Nou + avrD fragment 492 280 492 + 226 theae; tomato; syringae; papulans. theae ---- Isolati: 45 PSA Italiani, 7 PSA Asiatici (+ 8 di altre P. s. pvs) analizzati mediante: efficacienza • (GTG)5-PCR • Rep-PCR (BOX, REP, ERIC) • IS50-PCR • RAPD (3 primers selezionati) Evidenze 1. Elevata similarità genetica tra tutti gli isolati di PSA italiani; 2. Debole, ma chiara distinzione tra gli isolati di PSA italiani e quelli asiatici; Risultati divulgati a livello Internazionale Mazzaglia A., Renzi M., Balestra G.M. (2011). Comparison and utilization of different PCRbased approaches for molecular typing of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae strains from Italy – Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 33 (1), 8-18. TOSSINE PSA CARATTERISTICHE BIOCHIMICHE La presenza e la produzione di tossine è stata studiata mediante differenti tecniche (PCR amplification of specific genes and bioassays) Giappone Corea Italia Faseolotossina + - - Coronatina - + - Giappone Faseolotossina: phaseolotoxin gene cluster, ROCT gene Coronatina: CFL gene, corR gene, CMA gene Corea Italia phaseolotoxin gene cluster RESISTENZA A RAME E ANTIBIOTICI Le strategie di controllo includono l’impiego di agrofarmaci a base di rame Un uso massiccio di antibiotici nelle strategie di controllo ha sempre determinato l’insorgenza di popolazioni di PSA antibiotico-resistenti Lo studio di un ampio numero di isolati di PSA Italiani ha evidenziato che essi sono tutti SENSIBILI sia agli antibiotici, sia ai Sali di rame (es. nitrato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piante con macchie necrotiche su rami di 1 anno piante con macchie necrotiche su rami di 1 anno 9,&#(*$/B,C,$D*)-*$*$B,C,$E,&%%"5$7"#$#*7)"<,$="+%,&),$<F$)&.,$-,$4$&##" 100 80 80 60 60 30>@ % % 100 40 40 20 20 3>?@ 3A@ 3>4@ 0 M Sp er im en ta le Te st im on e M F Sp er im en ta le e Te st im on le Sp er im en ta on Te st im F M M e e al en t im Sp er Te st im on e F F 0 A0$'/#'B%,#%&5"#'-"'A0$%&$"7&$%0'#-0%%#%# (8CCD98C@C1'/E"$2"-&$F#'-"'!BG'H 3%#%#'40,%&7&$%&',"-0%%# !"#$%&'()"*"'+&,-&'&')"*"'."#//01'20$'$&2,03"'405/"#,"'36',#7" -"'89:'#$$" piante con macchie necrotiche su rami di 2-4 anni piante con macchie necrotiche su rami di 2-4 anni 100 100 80 80 9<@= 60 60 % % 9;<= 40 40 9>?= Sp er im en ta le M e on en ta le e F Sp er im ta en im er Sp on le e on Te st im ta en im er Sp Te st im M F le e on im st Te Te st im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