le proteine - Cattaneo

/(3527(,1(
/HSURWHLQHVRQRVRVWDQ]HRUJDQLFKHSUHVHQWLLQWXWWHOHFHOOXOHGLWXWWLJOL
RUJDQLVPLYLYHQWL
J
/HSURWHLQHVRQRFRVWLWXLWHGD&+216
6WUXWWXUDGHOOHSURWHLQH
/HSURWHLQHVRQRPDFURPROHFROH
/H
SURWHLQH VRQR PDFURPROHFROH ³WUHQL´
WUHQL IRUPDWH
IRUPDWH
GDOO¶XQLRQHGLPROWLDPPLQRDFLGL³YDJRQL´$$
,O³JDQFLR´FKHXQLVFHJOL$PPLQR$FLGLVLFKLDPD
/HJDPH3HSWLGLFR
'1$WUDWWRGL'1$
FKLDPDWR*(1(
$PLQRDFLGL
P51$WUDVSRUWDLOFRGLFH
JHQHWLFR
W51$WUDVSRUWDJOL
DPLQDFLGL
6,17(6,3527(,&$
,O5,%2620$XVDLOFRGLFHSHUVLQWHWL]]DUHOD
,O
5,%2620$ XVD LO FRGLFH SHU VLQWHWL]]DUH OD
JLXVWDVHTXHQ]DGL$PLQRDFLGL
3527(,1$
IXQ]LRQHGHOOHSURWHLQHQHOQRVWURRUJDQLVPR
/DFRPSRVL]LRQHGLXQDSURWHLQDqODTXDQWLWjUHODWLYDGHLYDULDPPLQRDFLGL
FKHFRQWLHQH/HSURSULHWjHOHIXQ]LRQLGLXQDSURWHLQDSHUzQRQ
GLSHQGRQR VROR GDOOD VXD FRPSRVL]LRQH PD VRSUDWWXWWR GDOOD VHTXHQ]D
GLSHQGRQRVRORGDOODVXDFRPSRVL]LRQHPDVRSUDWWXWWRGDOODVHTXHQ]D
VSHFLILFDGHJOLDPPLQRDFLGLQHOODFDWHQDSROLSHSWLGLFD
/HSURWHLQHKDQQRGLPHQVLRQLPROWRYDULDELOLGDTXHOOHSLSLFFROHFRPH
O
RUPRQHLQVXOLQDFKHqFRVWLWXLWRGDXQDFDWHQDSROLSHWLGLFDGL
DPPLQRDFLGLVLQRDPROHFROHHQRUPLFRPHODWLWLQDXQDSURWHLQD
PXVFRODUHFKHFRPSUHQGHDPPLQRDFLGL
/¶RUJDQLVPRXPDQRqIRUPDWRGDSLGL¶WLSLGLYHUVLGLSURWHLQH
IXQ]LRQHGHOOHSURWHLQHQHOQRVWURRUJDQLVPR
$00,12$&,',(3527(,1(GD$JRUj6FLHQ]H%LRPHGLFKH
KWWSVZZZ \RXWXEH FRPZDWFK"Y <\R;OZQ]$
KWWSVZZZ\RXWXEHFRPZDWFK"Y
Ogniamminoacido contiene:
±
ungruppoamminico;
±
ungruppocarbossilico;
±
ungruppoR,laregionevariabileche
l
bl h
determinaleproprietàspecifichediciascuno
dei20diversiamminoacidi.
+
2
+
1
+
*UXSSR
DPPLQLFR
&
5
&
2+
*UXSSR
DFLGR
FDUERVVLOLFR
$$HVVHQ]LDOL
,OQRVWURRUJDQLVPRQRQULHVFHDVLQWHWL]]DUHSURGXUUH
DPPLQRDFLGLFKHYHQJRQRSHUFLzGHILQLWLDPLQRDFLGLHVVHQ]LDOLH
GHYRQRHVVHUHLQWURGRWWLFRQJOLDOLPHQWL
Ogniamminoacidohaproprietàspecifichebasatesullapropriastruttura:
+
+
1
&
+
&
&+
+
+
2
1
&
+
2+
&+
&+ &+
/HXFLQD/HX
,GURIRELFR
2
+
+
&
1
2+
&+
2+
6HULQD6HU
+
2
&
&
2+
&+
&
2+
2
$FLGRDVSDUWLFR
$VS
,GURILOLFR
Gliamminoacidisileganotraloromediantelegamipeptidici, chesiformanotramiteilprocessodi
condensazione
*UXSSR
*UXSSR
FDUERVVLOLFR
2
1
+
+
+
+
&
/HJDPH
SHSWLGLFR
WLGL
*UXSSR
*UXSSR
DPPLQLFR
&
5
$PPLQRDFLGR
2+
2
+
1
&
5HD]LRQH
GLFRQGHQVD]LRQH
+
&
+
5
1
2+
+2
+
$PPLQRDFLGR
+
2
&
&
5
+
1
&
+
5
2
&
2+
'LSHSWLGH
Tipoparticolarediproteine:proteine coniugate:
proteina+carboidrato=glicoproteina
proteina+lipide=
p
p
lipoproteina
p p
Alcuneproteineimportanti:
l
i
Collagene =èlaprincipaleproteinadeltessutoconnettivoneglianimali.Èlapiùabbondantenei
mammiferi(circail25%dellamassaproteicatotale),rappresentandonell'uomocircail6%delpeso
corporeo.IlCuoioèformatodacollagene
Cheratina =componenteessenzialedell'epidermide
Albumine =diffusenelmondoanimale
Globuline =sitrovanonelsangue,nelmuscolo,neitessutiingenereeneisemi
Errorenelladisposizionedegliaminoacidinellacatenapeptidica:ilcasodell’emoglobina
&ODVVLILFD]LRQHLQEDVHDOODVWUXWWXUD
SULPDULD VHTXHQ]DGLDPPLQRDFLGLQHOODFDWHQDSROLSHSWLGLFDÆ VROROHJDPLFRYDOHQWL
VHFRQGDULD ULSLHJDPHQWLGHOODVWUXWWXUDSULPDULDGRYXWLDOHJDPLLGURJHQR
T
S
SHOLPDPPLIHUL
S
Į HOLFDODVHTXHQ]DqDYYROWDDVSLUDOHHV&+(5$7,1(
)RJOLHWWR ȕ SLHJKHWWDWRRSLWUDWWLGLVHTXHQ]DDIILDQFDWLHULSLHJDWLHV6(7$',5$*12
WHU]LDULD FRQIHULVFHXQDSUHFLVDIRUPDWULGLPHQVLRQDOH
TXDWHUQDULD VWUXWWXUDWULGLPHQVLRQDOHIRUPDWDGDSLFDWHQHSROLSHSWLGLFKHHV(02*/2%,1$
&DUDWWHULVWLFKH GHOOH SURWHLQH
HOHYDWDVSHFLILFLWjELRORJLFDRJQLWLSRGLSURWHLQDVYROJHXQFRPSLWRSUHFLVRHQRQSXzHVVHUHVRVWLWXLWD
GDDOWUH
/D VSHFLILFLWj GLSHQGH GD
/DVSHFLILFLWjGLSHQGHGD
IRUPD/DPDJJLRUSDUWHGHOOHSURWHLQHLQWHUDJLVFHFRQDOWUHPROHFROHSLSLFFROHDOOHTXDOLVLOHJDFRQXQ
PHFFDQLVPR©DLQFDVWURªVLPLOHDTXHOORGLXQDFKLDYHFKHHQWUDQHOODVXDVHUUDWXUD
SURSULHWjFKLPLFKH,JUXSSLIXQ]LRQDOLSRVWLVXOODVXSHUILFLHGLXQDSURWHLQDIDYRULVFRQRLQWHUD]LRQLFKLPLFKH
FRQDOWUHVRVWDQ]H
'HQDWXUD]LRQH GHOOH SURWHLQH
Vedere:videoenzimasaccarasi
/DVWUXWWXUDWULGLPHQVLRQDOHGLXQDSURWHLQDHVVHQGRDIILGDWDDOHJDPLGHEROLqPROWRVHQVLELOHDOODWHPSHUDWXUDHDOS+
/¶DOWHUD]LRQHGHOODVWUXWWXUDWULGLPHQVLRQDOHGLXQDSURWHLQDqGHWWDGHQDWXUD]LRQHHGqVHPSUHDFFRPSDJQDWDGDOODSHUGLWDGHOOD
S
S
S J
S
VXDQRUPDOHIXQ]LRQDOLWjELRORJLFD
‡
Negliultimiannil'utilizzodegliaminoacidiramificaticome
integratoridieteticihaconosciutounacapillarediffusionenegli
atletididifferentelivelloagonisticoepraticantidisciplinedeltutto
diverse.
Gliaminoacidiramificatileucina,isoleucina evalina sonoperl'80%i
costituentidelleproteinecontrattilideimuscolo.
Durantel'attivitàsportivaprolungataitreaminoacidivengono
demolitipreviatrasformazioneinalanina perprodurrepoiglucosioa
livello del fegato ed infine energia Quindi anche le proteine
livellodelfegatoedinfineenergia.Quindiancheleproteine
vengonousatecomecombustibileegiocanounruolocrucialenel
provvedereamanteneredurantel'eserciziounaconcentrazione
vitalediglucosioenelripristinareilglicogeno(glucosiodiriserva)
durante il recupero post gara. Valuta ioni recenti attribuiscono agli
duranteilrecuperopostͲgara.Valutazionirecentiattribuisconoagli
aminoacidiunacapacitàdifornituradal5al15%delfabbisogno
energetico