RESEARCH REPORT - OCTOBER 2009
Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme
Prof. Eduardo Miranda and Dr. Anna Troisi
University of Plymouth
Prepared for discussion at EMOTION Third Transnational Project Meeting
24-25 November, Rome
Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
Table of Contents
1. Introduction....................................................................................................................................2
2. Chronological Pathway..................................................................................................................4
Curriculum Characteristics..............................................................................................................4
Ongoing self-evaluation...................................................................................................................5
School subjects................................................................................................................................6
Extra-school subjects.......................................................................................................................6
3. School Topics: Motivations..........................................................................................................10
Mathematics and Physics...............................................................................................................10
Geography......................................................................................................................................11
History and Socio-political context...............................................................................................12
4. Extra-Curricular Topics..............................................................................................................13
Music Technology..........................................................................................................................13
Historical points of view, contemporary and electroacoustic music.............................................14
5. Required Resources......................................................................................................................15
Hardware........................................................................................................................................15
Software.........................................................................................................................................17
MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) ..........................................................................17
Audio Files................................................................................................................................18
List of MIDI editors and sequencers..............................................................................................20
Recording and editing....................................................................................................................22
6. Examples of Didactic Material: Online Google Books..............................................................23
For UK and Romanian teachers................................................................................................24
For Italian teachers ...................................................................................................................27
7. Complementary Methodology using the Internet.....................................................................32
YouTube resources.........................................................................................................................32
MySpace Music ............................................................................................................................34
Last.fm...........................................................................................................................................35
8. Material to be Produced During the Courses and Final Remarks..........................................35
Bibliography......................................................................................................................................37
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Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
1. Introduction
Many European nations recognise the need to revise curricula to meet the demands of today's
workplace. At the same time, they must integrate growing immigrant population into their existing
school systems and address the functional illiteracy of and “educated” population. Approximately
10 to 30 percent of the World's population have difficulty with basic reading, writing, and numeracy
skills. This group, often referred to as “hard core” underachievers, fails basic skills testing in
primary schools, falls behind, and may drop out in secondary school. [1]
In Europe, an excessively high number of young people drop out of school without basic skills and
competencies that are fundamental for the knowledge society and to obtain a job. They face the risk
of social exclusion; furthermore, they have been practically excluded from lifelong learning since
birth.
Alternative innovative didactic methodology is needed to reduce premature school drop out,
particularly of young people at risk of exclusion, such as migrants, ethnic groups and
children/teenagers from difficult socio-economic background).
The key point is to modify the way to deliver learning. Cultural enrichment through young interest
as such as music and art, use of technologies, social competencies, problem-solving skills in
computer science, autonomy and sense of purpose may help childhood and adolescence to achieve
an improved engagement in school and a sense of educational accomplishment. For instance:
When a pupil learns, by experience, that music and technologies forge direct links between
self and world, self expression becomes more fluent; the music helps interpret “who I am”.
It is only a short jump from music creation using technologies to making the connection
between self-discipline and performance in life [3].
Music education also provides a critical introduction to the reinforcement of such academic
and personal skills as critical thinking and learning how to work co-operatively toward
shared goals.
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Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
Children with a good interest in music, art easily accept the positive aspect of ethnic
difference, to overcome their prejudices and biases and to mitigate conflicts and resolve
them without violence [2]. It is the first step for reach integration. As we know integration is
a good starting point in order to reach good self-discipline.
Children with social competence show responsiveness to others, are able to adapt to new
situations and circumstances, have the capacity for empathy and caring, have good
communication skills, and have a good sense of humour. These children can get along well
with adults as well as their peers.
Children with problem-solving skills have the ability to attempt alternative solutions to
problems they confront, whether cognitive or social.
Music Technology and music education foster a number of non-musical factors important for
success in school and life. Three areas are important here:
1. Developmental goals such as self-esteem, self-discipline, and individual creativity;
2. The development of important academic and personal skills; and
3. The contribution of music to other areas of study.
Such skills are both implicit and explicit in music instruction. The inherent mathematical underpinning of music, for example, powerfully reinforce the analytical dimension of higher cognitive
skills.
Abstract concepts such as counting, fractions, and ratios acquire concrete and tangible meaning
when applied in a musical context, and the relationships between symbol and context are much
more readily made. Music requires the integration of eye-hand co-ordination, rhythm, tonality,
symbol recognition and interpretation, attention span, and other factors that represent synthetic
aspects of human intelligence.
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Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
2. Chronological Pathway
In order to propose an alternative (but complementary) method to deliver learning, we decided to
include in the E-motion curriculum the use if the latest technologies applied to music. It implies
concepts referring to informatics, electronic and acoustics (or electro-acoustics).
This project focuses on the issue of early school leaving through an alternative educational module,
which implies the Internet as a highly appealing tool. The is little doubt that students of this
Century are particularly focused on use of technologies for “communication” and “sharing” of
information through the Internet. In order to realise an effective educational project with potential to
engage young students we ought to take advantage of the Internet; e.g., social networks. We
strongly believe that communication skills and experiences sharing would certainly bring into
educational activities a good level of competition and desire to doing well.
E-motion curriculum is divided in five sections. These sections are chronologically ordered and can
be developed by the school in different periods within the standard school curriculum. Following
the instruction concerning the synchronisation between school subject and extra-school subjects
will be compulsory for the project succeed.
Each section has to be developed contemporary within the school subject and the extra school
teachers according to the hours of teaching of each subject.
As for the timeframe we tentatively propose the following (this needs to be discussed and agreed at
the Rome meeting in November): the educational school programme would last for a 4 months; for
example, from late January 2010 to late May 2010. Every section would have a minimum duration
of 20 hours for the school subjects and 40 for extra-school subjects.
Curriculum Characteristics
Two different paths concerning different historic points of view will be developed. The first one
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Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
will be developed within the school subjects and will concern general subjects about Geography and
Socio-political contexts. The other one will be developed by musical examples by the extra-school
teachers. It will concern the modern electroacoustic music composers and bands.
This curriculum is mostly general in order to give the opportunity for the ordinary school teachers
to choose the right methodology for each class which would best suit the characteristics of each
country.
In particular, the section “learning by listening” within the extra-school subjects has to be intended
as a list of possible pieces of music that could be useful to be proposed to the students. Depending
on the availability and needs
the extra school teachers will choose the appropriate listening
example.
Ongoing self-evaluation
The issue of evaluation of progress and measurement of results begs further discussion between the
partners of the E-motion consortium. Our initial proposal is that for each section the University of
Plymouth would provide a questionnaire to be compiled by the students involved, which would be
aimed at supporting teachers to achieve the aims of this project. Also, it would be necessary to
ensure tthat hey are following the chronological pathway in synchrony with the extra-school
teachers.
We also suggest the establishment of a music contest whereby each participant of E-motion would
create (at least) one musical composition during the implementation of the programme. Once the
project is completed, a selection of compositions would be recorded on a CD of the project (which
could be released as a CD or made available on the Interner for downloading). These piece could
be performed during the final end-of-project cerimony, which will take place in Plymouth.
Needless to say, it would be very important that each school make available a location where to
implement such musical activities under the guidance of the teachers. Motivation, materials and
suggestions are amply discussed in the following paragraphs.
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Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
School subjects
Extra-school subjects
1st
Maths and Physics: How sounds Fractions and pitch,
what is an intervals in
section
move through materials, relationship music and pitch. Fractions and time signature.
between energy and waves.
Geography (if applicable): study of LEARNING BY LISTENING:
general
characteristics
of
Non-
Western populations (India, Japan,
Non-Western music. Japanese koto music.
Indian raga music. Tibetan chants.
Tibet)
Elements
of
modern
electroacoustic
of
History
of
music:
electromechanical
Telharmonium
Cahill,
history
instrument
developed
by
since
Thaddeus
Ondes Martenot used by Olivier
Messiaen
until
actual
modern
electroacoustic instruments as synthesiser.
MUSIC CONTEST: explanation of what a
composition can leads and goals
2nd
Maths and Physics: Binary system.
How do computers represent sound? Sampling.
section
MIDI. Music acoustics: digital audio, synthesis,
sampling, filters, hearing, psycho-acoustic.
LEARNING BY LISTENING:
Geography (if applicable): study of
Characteristic of Balkans music.
general characteristics of Balkans
Elements
story and population.
of
electroacoustic
(Luigi
modern
music:
Russolo).
instruments,
history
Futurists,
Early
1920–1930s
of
1911
electronic
(Etherophone,
Hammond organ, Telharmonium). Musique
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Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
concrète (Pierre Schaeffer and
Pierre
Henry).
MUSIC CONTEST: phase of ideas collection
3rd
Maths and Physics: Waves, how Intensity and the Decibel Scale,
section
sounds
are
vibrations,
sound
as
produced
what is a
through inverse square relationship.
pressure physics field, Use tools for music creation: audio synthesis,
longitudinal
wave, sampling, audio editing and mixing.
frequency and period related to the
sound wave. The speedy of sound,
sounds moving in different substance.
Geography (if applicable): study of
general characteristics of African
story and population.
History
African
(if applicable): North LEARNING BY LISTENING:
music,
Arabic
music,
Mediterranean culture and music.
Forms of folk and African tribal music.
Arabian peninsula music and influences in
European music (i.e. Flamenco)
Elements of modern history of
electroacoustic music: Stockausen met
Schaeffer, 1952. American electronic music,
1053(John Cage, Earle Brown, Christian
Wolff, David Tudor, and Morton Feldman).
Stochastic music, 1952 (Iannis Xenakis).
Buchla synthesiser, 1960.
MUSIC CONTEST: real start of the students
work
4th
Maths and Physics: Interference and Natural Frequency.
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Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
section
beats, phenomena of cancelling. (Use Algorithmic composition. Real-time interactive
of optical principles).
systems.
Use knowledge of history and computer music
composition techniques in music creation.
Perform elementary analysis of computer music
works.
Geography (if applicable): study of LEARNING BY LISTENING:
general characteristics of Central
Genres in Central South America.
South America story and population.
Elements
of
modern
history
of
electroacoustic music: Computer music.
Live electronics. Use of synthesiser in rock
music,
1970
(Pink
Floyd,
Tangerine
Dream). Rinse of popular electronic music,
1970 (Progressive rock, Berlin School of
electronic music, space rock, examples as
Genesis,
The
resident,
David
Bowie,
Tangerine Dream).
MUSIC CONTEST: students work in progress
and rehearsal if needs
5th
Maths
and
Physics:
Forced Standing wave patterns, harmonics. Sound
section
vibration, resonance phenomena
synthesis
techniques.
Sound
manipulation
techniques. A "sampling" of major composers
and
compositions.
Tools:
audio
editing,
synthesis, sampling mixing, concert direction.
Geography (if applicable): study of LEARNING BY LISTENING:
general characteristics of USA.
History
(if applicable): Protest
8
Moderns and popular music from USA.
Elements
of
modern
history
of
electroacoustic music: Birth of MIDI 1980.
Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
music (blues, progressive, punk, rap,
Rinse of dance music, late 1980s to 90s.
reggae, etc.).
Music software, circuit bending.
How Race Music explores the global
influence and popularity of African MUSIC CONTEST: rehearsals if needs or last
American music, its social relevance, adjustments on the composition
and key questions regarding its
interpretation and criticism.
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Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
3. School Topics: Motivations
In this section we provide a list of mathematics, physics, history and geography topics which are
propaedeutic to the study of Music Technologyu In this section we list those topics that would be
developed within the school and in co-operation with the school teachers.
Mathematics and Physics
Musical set theory uses some of the concepts from mathematical set theory to organise musical
objects and describe their relationships. Musical acoustics or music acoustics is the branch of
acoustic concerned with researching and describing the physics of music, how sounds employed as
music work.
Sound and energy, how sounds move through materials, relationship between energy and
waves.
Fractions and pitch, what is an intervals in music and pitch.
Fractions and time signature
Waves, how sounds are produced through vibrations, pressure physics field, sound as
longitudinal wave, frequency and period related to the sound wave
Intensity and the Decibel Scale, what is a inverse square relationship.
The speedy of sound, sounds moving in different substance.
Interference and beats, phenomena of cancelling
The Doppler Effect and Shock Waves
Natural Frequency
Forced vibration, resonance phenomena
Standing wave patterns, harmonics
Fundamental Frequency and Harmonics
Binary system, sampling
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Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
Geography
Music is found in every known culture, past and present, varying wildly between times and places.
A culture's music is influenced by all other aspects of that culture, including social and economic
organisation and experience, climate, and access to technology. The emotions and ideas that music
expresses, the situations in which music is played and listened to, and the attitudes toward music
players and composers all vary between regions and periods.
In musical terms, world music can be roughly defined as music that uses distinctive ethnic scales,
modes and musical inflections, and which is usually (though not always) performed on or
accompanied by distinctive traditional ethnic instruments, such as the kora (West African harp), the
steel drum, the sitar or the didgeridoo.
Non-Western music (including non-Western popular music and non-Western classical
music)
Japanese koto music
Indian raga music
Arabic music including several genres and styles
Tibetan chants
Balkans music
Forms of folk and tribal music of the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Oceania and Central South
America
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Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
History and Socio-political context
The 20th Century saw a revolution in music listening as the radio gained popularity worldwide and
new media and technologies were developed to record, capture, reproduce and distribute music.
Because music was no longer limited to concerts and clubs, it became possible for music artists to
quickly gain fame nation wide and sometimes worldwide. Conversely, audiences were able to be
exposed to a wider range of music than ever before. Music performances became increasingly
visual with the broadcast and recording of music videos and concerts. Music of all kinds also
became increasingly portable. Headphones allowed people sitting next to each other to listen to
entirely different performances or share the same performance. 20th Century music brought a new
freedom and wide experimentation with new musical styles and forms that challenged the accepted
rules of music of earlier periods. The invention of musical amplification and electronic
instruments, especially the synthesiser, in the mid-20th century revolutionised popular music and
accelerated the development of new forms of music.
Socio-political point of view
1. Protest music (blues, progressive, punk, rap, reggae, etc.)
2. African American music, bebop to hip-hop, jazz, rhythm and blues, and gospel and the
socio-political implications. How Race Music explores the global influence and popularity
of African American music, its social relevance, and key questions regarding its
interpretation and criticism
Urban and rural spaces in which music is experienced, produced and consumed
Underpinning all of the contributions is the recognition that musical processes take place within a
particular space and place, where these processes are shaped both by specific musical practices and
by the pressures and dynamics of political and economic circumstances. Important discourses are
explored concerning national culture and identity, as well as how identity is constructed through
the exchanges that occur between displaced peoples of the world's many diasporas. Music helps to
articulate a shared sense of community among these dispersed people, carving out spaces of
freedom which are integral to personal and group consciousness. A specific focal point is the rap
and hip hop music that has contributed towards a particular sense of identity as indigenous
resistance vernaculars for otherwise socially marginalised minorities in Cuba, France, Italy, New
Zealand and South Africa.
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Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
4. Extra-Curricular Topics
The rational for proposing extra-curricula subjects comes from the following considerations:
1) Need to distinguish the moment where students use technologies and the moment where
students are in the class studying the curricular subjects will be important in order to make
them concentrating differently on subjects that require different level of participation.
2) Having technologies and music experts will be very useful to focus students attention to the
artistic side of the matter. This is very useful in order to catch their attention constantly.
3) Changing room or environment will help to create a new situation where the interaction
between students has to be in a high level. They will collaborate on the same project so it is
very important to create some for sort of “musical/experimental laboratory” atmosphere.
What we suggest is to provide a tight collaboration between ordinary teachers and extra/curricula
teachers. It will be necessary a forge liaison between the teachers achieve the common aim.
These subjects are exclusive to the Music Technology domain. In this section, there are those topics
that we suggest that should be inserted into learning topics, which are closest to Music Technology
and which would be taught within the school by external teachers.
Music Technology
Music Technology is a term that refers to all forms of technology involved with the musical arts,
particularly the use of electronic devices and computer software to facilitate playback, recording,
composition, storage and performance. The concept of music technology is intimately connected to
both musical and technological creativity.
What is sound?
How do computers represent sound?
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Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
Sound synthesis techniques.
Sound manipulation techniques.
A "sampling" of major composers and compositions.
MIDI.
Algorithmic composition.
Real-time interactive systems.
Use tools for music creation: audio synthesis, sampling, audio editing, mixing,
composition, concert direction.
Use knowledge of history and computer music composition techniques in music creation,
perform elementary analysis of computer music works.
Music acoustic: digital audio, synthesis, sampling, filters, hearing, psycho-acoustics.
Historical points of view, contemporary and electroacoustic music
As music is a cultural phenomenon, the study of socio-cultural aspects of a given body of music
assists in the greater understanding of the place of that music within a given culture at a given
time. Electro-acoustic music, representing such an extreme departure in music history has
influenced culture considerably.
History of electromechanical instrument since Telharmonium developed by Thaddeus
Cahillll, Ondes Martenot used by Olivier Messiaen until actual modern electroacoustic
instruments as synthesiser.
Futurists, 1911 (Luigi Russolo).
Early electronic instruments, 1920–1930s (Etherophone, Hammond organ, Telharmonium).
Musique concrète (Pierre Schaeffer and Pierre Henry).
Stockausen met Schaeffer, 1952.
American electronic music, 1053(John Cage, Earle Brown, Christian Wolff, David Tudor,
and Morton Feldman).
Stochastic music, 1952 (Iannis Xenakis).
Minimal music (Arvo Part)
Buchla synthesiser, 1960. Computer music. Live electronics. Use of synthesiser in rock
music, 1970 (Pink Floyd, Tangerine Dream).
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Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
5. Required Resources
Hardware
In order to be able to implement the programme presented above, we propose that each school
needs to have one of more DAW (digital audio workstation) systems. The amount is to be defined
according to the number of students involved; it is recommended that ideally no more than two
students per DAW.
A digital audio workstation is an electronic system designed to record, edit and play back digital
audio. A key feature of DAWs is the ability to freely manipulate recorded sounds. Many DAWs,
especially computer-based DAWs, have MIDI recording, editing, and playback capabilities. We
need to use a computer-based DAWs because the students will use computer also to upload their
work to the Internet (this will be discussed later).
Fig.1: Example of computer-based DAW system
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Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
A computer based DAW consist of three components: (a) computer (PC or Mac/Intel) with any
Operational System (Windows, MacOSX, Linux), (b) audio interface (any) and (c) a digital audio
editor software.
The computer acts as a host for the sound card and software and provides processing power for
audio editing. The sound card/audio interface typically convert analogue audio signals into digital
form and may also assist in processing audio and for playback converting digital to analogue audio.
The software controls the two hardware components and provides a user interface to allow for
recording, editing, and playback.
In order to use the MIDI protocol as input for the system is required a MIDI keyboard (any). It will
also be necessary also to have two speakers (any) and a video camera.
Summarising, each school has to provide a number of the follow hardware setup:
1. Computer (PC or Mac/Intel) with any Operative System (Windows, MacOSX, Linux)
2. Audio interface (any)
3. A digital audio editor software
4. A midi keyboard (any).
5. Two speakers
6. Video Camera
In the following paragraph we discuss the point (c) of our list of resources: that is, software. The
choose of the software is quite important in order to make the system working in the right way for
our purposes.
The school will be free to use their own computer/computers adapting the rest of the equipment to
their computer. For example, if they have a PC with Microsoft Windows OS (Operational System)
running they will choose any audio interface compatible with Microsoft Windows OS and a
software compatible with the Operative System. In the next section is possible to find compatibility
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Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
and free or commercial software that can be chosen by each school.
Software
There are two different typologies of software concerning audio and music composing: “MIDI
editors and sequencers” and “Recording and editing”.
MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)
MIDI is a standard protocol that enables electronic musical instruments such as a keyboard
controllers, computers, and other equipment to communicate, control and synchronise with each
other. MIDI allows computers, sound cards, MIDI keyboards to control one another and to
exchange system data. MIDI does not transmit an audio signal but events messages such as the
pitch and intensity of musical notes to play, control signals for parameters such as volume and clock
signals to set the tempo.
Fig.2: Snapshot of a typical MIDI editor and sequencer.
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Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
MIDI editors and sequencers are useful for several reasons. MIDI composition and arrangement
takes advantage if the General MIDI technology to allow musical data files to be shared among
various electronic instruments by using a standard, portable set of commands and parameters.
Because the music often is simply data rather than recorded audio waveforms, the data size of the
files is quite small by comparison with audio data. Several computer programs allow manipulation
of the musical data such that composing for an entire orchestra of synthesised instrument sounds is
possible. The data can be saved, modified and reproduced by any computer or electronic instrument
that adheres to the same MIDI standards. Fig. 2 shows a snapshot of a typical MIDI editor and
sequencer.
Audio Files
An audio file format is a file format for storing audio data on a computer system. The general
approach towards storing digital audio is to sample the audio voltage in regular intervals (forming
the sample rate). A sample way to create an audio file is to record a sound through the hardware we
amply present in the previous section and save it.
Fig. 3: Pro-tools software (proprietary) snapshot.
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Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
Therefore audio files can be recorded, modified (edited) in the same way as any other text
document.
Fig. 4: Audacity (free software) snapshot.
It is possible to cut and paste, move portions of audio and convert audio into other format (such as
MP3). All this can be done using a recording/editing software. Fig. 3 and Fig.4 show how an audio
editor and recorder may look like. Here we present a list of software (proprietary1, free software2,
GPL3, Open Source4) that can be used during the extra school time. Within the list we highlighted in
1
Proprietary software is any computer software with restrictions on use or private modification, or with restrictions judged to be excessive on
copying or publishing of modified or unmodified versions. The term proprietary software is thus the opposite of free software, generally
speaking. "Proprietary software" is not synonymous with "commercial software", it can be distributed at no cost or for a fee, and free software
can be distributed at no cost or for a fee. The difference is that whether or not proprietary software can be distributed, and what the fee would be,
is at the proprietor's discretion. With free software, anyone who has a copy can decide whether, and how much, to charge for a copy or related
services
2
Free software, is software that can be used, studied, and modified without restriction, and which can be copied and redistributed in modified or
unmodified form either without restriction, or with minimal restrictions only to ensure that further recipients can also do these things and that
manufacturers of consumer-facing hardware allow user modifications to their hardware. Free software is available gratis (free of charge) in most
cases.
3
The GNU General Public License (GNU GPL or simply GPL) is a widely used free software license.
4
Open source is an approach to the design, development, and distribution of software, offering practical accessibility to a software's source code.
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Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
particular Free software and GPL. Free software (and in most of cases also open sources and GPL
software) can be downloaded for free through websites. We strongly believe in free software
because it would encourage students to download it and install on their own computers at home (or
owned by members of their family) and this would mean that they would take home at they have
learned at school.
Using the follow two tables each school can start analysing the hardware they already have in their
school. For example. if they have a Microsoft Windows platform they can choose (both within
proprietary or free software or GPL) the software they prefer (for both typologies, MIDI editor and
sequencer and AUDIO recording and editing). It will be the external teacher in particular who has
to evaluate which software is appropriate for his/her lessons according to the institution and the coordinator of the project.
List of MIDI editors and sequencers
Software
Platform
License
Notes
Anvil Studio
Microsoft Windows
Proprietary
Multi-track recording, composing, and
editing of audio and MIDI music files
Adobe Audition
Microsoft Windows
Proprietary
Recording, mixing, editing, and mastering
Band-in-a-Box
Mac OS, Microsoft
Windows
Proprietary
Music composition tool for exploring and
developing musical ideas with nearinstantaneous feedback
Cakewalk
Microsoft Windows
Proprietary
Home music production
Craterfish Midi
Editor
Internet explorer,
Mozilla Firefox
Proprietary
A free online midi editor
Cubase
Windows, Mac OS,
Linux
Proprietary
Recording, mixing, editing, and mastering.
Digital Performer
Mac OS
Proprietary
Full-featured Digital Audio
Workstation/Sequencer software package
DirectMusic
Producer
Windows
Free-ware
Complete system for implementing dynamic
soundtracks
Finale
Windows, Mac OS
Proprietary
(Freeway version
exists)
Composition and sequencing program.
Free-were
Mac OS, Linux
GPL
Integrates 3D graphics with MIDI devices
GarageBand
Mac OS
Proprietary
Import only, saves to native format
GNMIDI
Windows
Shareware
MIDI file converter, karaoke editor
Guitar Pro
Windows, Mac OS
Proprietary
Multitrack tablature editor for guitar, banjo
and bass
GNU LilyPond
Windows, Linux, Mac
GPL
Export only
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Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
OS (Lava Based)
JAZZ++
Windows, Mac OS,
Linux
Open Source
JFugue
Windows, Mac OS,
Linux (Java-based)
LGPL, open source Programming library (API)
KeyKit
Windows, Linux
Free
Graphical user interface for MIDI, useful for
both algorithmic and realtime musical
experimentation
Live
Windows, Mac OS
Proprietary
Audio/MIDI recording, mixing, editing, and
mastering.
Proprietary
Audio/MIDI recording, mixing, editing, and
mastering.
Logic
Mac OS (also previously
MIDI sequencer with track window, piano
roll window, audio signal processing
for Windows)
Master-Tracks Pro
Windows, Mac OS
Proprietary
File formats: proprietary (.mts), also .mid 0 &
1 ex- import
Melody Assistant
Windows, Mac OS
Shareware
Music writing, printing and rendering
MidiCond
Windows, Mac OS,
Linux
Proprietary
Tempo manipulation for live conducting and
recording
MidiSwing
Windows, Mac OS,
Linux
Freeway
MIDI sequencer. MIDI recording, editing,
and playback. Support for .kar karaoke files.
Mixcraft
Windows
Proprietary
Audio and MIDI sequencer. Support for
VSTis, MIDI recording, editing, and
playback.
Mozart
Windows
Proprietary
Music notation software
MusE
Linux
GPL
Music software to , convert, rip and create
audio files effortlessly
MuseScore
Windows, Mac OS,
Linux
GPL
Music notation software with full MusicXML
support
MusicPhrase
Windows
Glasus
MIDI sequence editor
Notation Composer
Windows
Proprietary
MIDI recording,editing and playback, with
notation transcription of MIDI data for score
writing
NoteEdit
Linux
GPL
Music score editor
NoteWorthy
Composer
Windows
Proprietary
Can import and export MIDI data, but only
edit and display it as a musical score.
PianoCheater
Windows
Freeway
Midi sequencer built for a keyboard player
Pro Tools
Windows, Mac OS
Proprietary
Audio/MIDI recording, mixing, editing, and
mastering.
Quartz AudioMaster
Windows
Freeway
Fully functional MIDI player
REAPER
Windows
Proprietary
MIDI recording,editing and playback,
Reason
Windows, Mac OS
Proprietary
Studio rackwhere is possible to insert virtual
devices such as instruments, effects
processors and mixers.
Renoise
Windows, Mac OS
Shareware
Digital audio workstation
Rosegarden
Linux
GPL
Audio and MIDI sequencer, score editor,
general-purpose music composition and
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Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
editing environment
Seq24
Linux, Windows
GPL
MIDI music sequencer
Samplitude
Windows
Proprietary
Professional HD Recording and Editing
Sibelius
Windows, Mac OS
Proprietary
Music notation
Sonar
Windows
Proprietary
Recording, composing, editing, mixing, and
mastering
TuxGuitar
Windows, Mac OS,
Linux, (Java-based)
GPL, open source
Multitrack guitar tablature editor and player
TiMidity++
Linux
GPL
Software synthesizer
As we told before the follow is a list of recording and editing software with compatibility. This will
help the schools to find how to use the hardware materials they already have in their own school.
Recording and editing (collection of free software with compatibility)
In the case of schools that have computers with different platforms and/or Operative System, they
will be able to install the same software on different machines.
Name
Linux
Mac OS X
Unix
Windows
Notes
Ardour
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Multi-track audio recorder
Audacity
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Recording, composing, editing, mixing.
Audiobook
Cutter
No
No
No
Yes
MP3 audiobook splitter
Ecasound
Yes
Yes
No
Audio recorder
Freecycle
Yes
No
No
Beat slicer
Jokosher
Yes
No
No
Multi-track audio editor
LMMS
Yes
Yes
Yes
Intended as a replacement for Cubase-like software
(DAW)
Mp3splt
Yes
Yes
Yes
Splits MP3 and Vorbis files without decoding (see
mp3splt-gtk and libmp3splt)
MusE
Yes
No
No
MIDI sequencer
Qtractor
Yes
No
No
A non-destructive multi-track audio and MIDI
Workstation (DAW)
ReZound
Yes
No
No
No
Graphical audio file editor
RiffWorks T4
No
Yes
No
Yes
Multi-track audio recorder
Rosegarden
Yes
No
No
MIDI sequencer and multi-track recorder
SoX
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Command-line multi-track audio editor/processor
Sweep
Yes
No
Yes
No
Digital audio editor
Wave Editor
No
No
No
Yes
Digital Audio editor
WaveSurfer
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Audio editor widely used for studies of acoustic
phonetics
Wavosaur
No
No
No
Yes
Audio editor with VST effects support
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Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
6. Examples of Didactic Material: Online Google Books
These resources must be intended in particular as didactic suggestions for the teachers. For standard
teachers most of these book may not be interesting or may even be difficult to understand because
they might be too technical or specialised. Nevertheless, they may prove to be useful to foster close
relationships between the standard teachers and the extra-curricula teachers.
We suggest to make them available through the E-motion website and would therefore be available
for those interested students who may want to go into more depth to satisfy particular curiosities
that may emerge during the lessons.
We selected English books both for Romanian and English teachers in order to cover the gap of not
having suitable Googol books available in Romanian language. Of course, other books or literature
suggestion by the teachers will be considered is they address the remits of this project.
We suggest that we give priority for using books available on “Google books”, a sort of virtual
library that can be consulted by Internet. It will make simple for teachers and students to reach
information for free. It means also that students can have a look to these book from their own home,
without the need to buy them or having to borrow them from libraries.
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Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
For UK and Romanian teachers
Music of the twentieth century: a study of its elements and structure
By Ton de Leeuw, Rokus de Groot
Contributor Rokus de Groot
Edition: illustrated
Published by Amsterdam University Press, 2006
ISBN 9053567658, 9789053567654
223 pages
Ton de Leeuw was a truly groundbreaking composer. As evidenced by his
pioneering study of compositional methods that melded Eastern
traditional music with Western musical theory, he had a profound
understanding of the complex and often divisive history of twentiethcentury music. Now his renowned chronicle Music of the Twentieth
Century is offered here in a newly revised English-language edition.
Music of the Twentieth Century goes beyond a historical survey with its
lucid and impassioned discussion of the elements, structures,
compositional principles, and terminologies of twentieth-century music.
De Leeuw draws on his experience as a composer, teacher, and music
scholar of non-European music traditions, including Indian, Indonesian,
and Japanese music, to examine how musical innovations that developed
during the twentieth century transformed musical theory, composition,
and scholarly thought around the globe.
Race music: black cultures from bebop to hip-hop
By Guthrie P. Ramsey
Edition: illustrated
Published by University of California Press, 2003
ISBN 0520210484, 9780520210486
281 pages
This powerful book covers the vast and various terrain of African
American music, from bebop to hip-hop. Guthrie P. Ramsey, Jr., begins
with an absorbing account of his own musical experiences with family
and friends on the South Side of Chicago, evoking Sunday-morning
worship services, family gatherings with food and dancing, and jam
sessions at local nightclubs. This lays the foundation for a brilliant
discussion of how musical meaning emerges in the private and communal
realms of lived experience and how African American music has shaped
and reflected identities in the black community. Deeply informed by
Ramsey's experience as an accomplished musician, a sophisticated
cultural theorist, and an enthusiast brought up in the community he
discusses, Race Music explores the global influence and popularity of
African American music, its social relevance, and key questions regarding
its interpretation and criticism.
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Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
Music, space and place: popular music and cultural identity
By Sheila Whiteley, Andy Bennett, Stan Hawkins
Edition: illustrated
Published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2005
ISBN 0754655741, 9780754655749
238 pages
Music, Space and Place examines the urban and rural spaces in which
music is experienced, produced and consumed. The editors of this
collection have brought together new and exciting perspectives by
international researchers and scholars working in the field of popular
music studies. Underpinning all of the contributions is the recognition that
musical processes take place within a particular space and place, where
these processes are shaped both by specific musical practices and by the
pressures and dynamics of political and economic circumstances.
Important discourses are explored concerning national culture and
identity, as well as how identity is constructed through the exchanges that
occur between displaced peoples of the world's many diasporas. Music
helps to articulate a shared sense of community among these dispersed
people, carving out spaces of freedom which are integral to personal and
group consciousness.
Music popular culture identities
By Richard Young
Published by Rodopi, 2002
ISBN 9042012498, 9789042012493
360 pages
Music, Popular Culture, Identities is a collection of sixteen essays that
will appeal to a wide range of readers with interests in popular culture and
music, cultural studies, and ethnomusicology. Organised around the
central theme of music as an expression of local, ethnic, social and other
identities, the essays touch upon popular traditions and contemporary
forms from several different regions of the world: political engagement in
Italian popular music; flamenco in Spain; the challenge of traditional
music in Bulgaria; boeren rock and rap in Holland; Israeli extreme heavy
metal; jazz and pop in South Africa, and musical hybridity and politics in
Côte d’Ivoire. The collection includes essays about Latin America: on the
Mexican corrido, the Caribbean, popular dance music in Cuba, and
bossanova from Brazil. Communities of a cultural diaspora in North
America are discussed in essays on Somali immigrant and refugee youth
and Iranians in exile in the US.
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Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
Music, national identity and the politics of location: between the global and the local
By Ian D. Biddle, Vanessa Knights
Contributor Ian D. Biddle
Edition: illustrated
Published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2007
ISBN 0754640558, 9780754640554
251 pages
How are national identities constructed and articulated through music?
Popular music has long been associated with political dissent, and the
nation state has consistently demonstrated a determination to seek out and
procure for itself a stake in the management of 'its' popular musics.
Similarly, popular musics have been used 'from the ground up' as sites for
both populist and popular critiques of nationalist sentiment, from the
position of both a globalising and a 'local' vernacular culture. The
contributions in this book arrive at a critical moment in the development
of the study of national cultures and musicology. The book ranges from
considerations of the ideological focus of cultural nationalism through to
analyses of musical hybridity and musical articulations of other kinds of
identities at odds with national identity. The processes of global
homogenisation are thereby shown to have brought about a transitional
crisis for national cultural identities: the evolution of these identities,
particularly with reference to the concept of 'authenticity' in music, is
situated within broader debates on power, political economy and
constructions of the self.
Music and society: the politics of composition, performance, and reception
By Richard Leppert, Susan McClary
Edition: illustrated
Published by Cambridge University Press, 1989
ISBN 0521379776, 9780521379779
224 pages
This provocative volume of essays is now available in paperback. The
contributors to this volume - musicologists, sociologists, cultural theorists
- all challenge the view that music occupies an autonomous aesthetic
sphere. Recently, socially and politically grounded enterprises such as
feminism, semiotics and deconstruction have effected a major
transformation in the ways in which the arts and humanities are studied,
leading in turn to a systematic investigation of the implicit assumptions
underlying the critical methods of the last two hundred years. Influenced
by these approaches, the writers here question a prevailing ideology that
insists there is a division between music and society and examine the
ways in which the two do in fact interact and mediate one another within
and across socio-cultural boundaries.
26
Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
Rockin' the boat: mass music and mass movements
By Reebee Garofalo
Published by South End Press, 1992
ISBN 0896084272, 9780896084278
333 pages
"Popular music, for all its contradictions, lets us feel the pulses of
grassroots social awareness...Rockin' provides excellent, detailed
documentation of a wide variety of social stirrings. It's a source of hope."
For Italian teachers
Sound tracks: tracce, convergenze e scenari negli studi musicali
Curatore: Francesco D'Amato
Meltemi Editore srl, 2001
191 pages
La musica è uno dei linguaggi più pervasivi del nostro tempo. Eppure
fatica a ritagliarsi degli spazi nei luoghi deputati all’analisi della società e
della comunicazione. Qual è il rapporto tra musica e cultura? Che
contributo possono portare le riflessioni sul genere? Come ripensare,
quindi, oggi l’idea di musica? Quale il ruolo delle nuove tecnologie? A
questi e ad altri interrogativi rispondono i saggi raccolti nel volume, il cui
intento è quello di dare visibilità a un dialogo, troppo spesso relegato ai
margini dell’istituzione accademica, fra studiosi di musica provenienti da
diversi ambiti disciplinari. La musica è un oggetto multidimensionale e
può essere analizzato in modo significativo da diverse prospettive. Questo
libro rappresenta proprio un’occasione di incontro tra competenze,
interessi e ricerche differenti. I saggi raccolti, oltre a riunire specialisti –
Simon Frith, Francesco D’Amato, John Shepherd, Franco Fabbri, Roberto
Agostini, George Lipsitz, Steve Jones, Anahid Kassabian – da lungo tempo
attivi nell’approfondimento dei temi sviluppati, si muovono lungo alcune
delle coordinate che nell’ultimo ventennio hanno maggiormente
contribuito al rinnovamento dello studio della musica.
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Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
Il suono riprodotto: storia, tecnica e cultura di una rivoluzione del Novecento
Alessandro Rigolli, Paolo Russo
EDT srl, 2007
ISBN 8860401763, 9788860401762
167 pages
Alla fine dell'Ottocento si verifica un evento che in pochi decenni
rivoluziona il modo di intendere, creare e ascoltare la musica: la messa a
punto di una tecnica per la riproduzione del suono. Da allora la storia dei
mezzi di diffusione e di riproduzione sonora è parte della storia e della
cultura musicale moderna. Con il fonografo a cilindri, brevettato da Edison
nel 1877, e il grammofono di Berliner, comparso dieci anni dopo, l'ascolto
musicale si trasforma, stimolato anche dalla neonata industria discografica
e radiofonica che tramuta in musica di massa generi come il jazz, e in veri
e propri personaggi mediatici artisti come Enrico Caruso o Arturo
Toscanini. Radio e dischi, inoltre, sono stati i principali protagonisti della
creazione di nuovi generi quali il rock o il pop. I mezzi di riproduzione e
diffusione sonora rappresentano oggi uno dei principali canali di consumo
musicale.
In un articolato confronto tenuto alla Casa della Musica di Parma in
occasione del convegno Ladimus del 2006, gli interventi di musicologi,
tecnici, artisti e discografici hanno spaziato dalla storia e dalla cultura
della musica riprodotta alla qualità del suono registrato come "oggetto"
culturale da conservare, dagli aspetti tecnico-creativi della registrazione a
quelli sociologici, fino all'esame dell'incisione del suono come
interpretazione musicale di un testo. Qui raccolti, tali interventi
costituiscono un rilevante contributo al sempre più ampio dibattito sulle
molte sfaccettature che caratterizzano il panorama odierno della
registrazione e riproduzione musicale.
Storia della musica. The New Oxford History of Music, Volume 1
byEgon Wellesx, Giampiero Tintori
Feltrinelli Editore, 1987
588 pages
Fino a pochi decenni or sono per “storia della musica” si intendeva
semplicemente la “storia dell'arte musicale in Europa”. Poi, soltando
gradualmente, lo studio della musica si e' esteso a indispensabili ricerche
sulla musica extraeuropea e infine sulla musica primitiva. E poiche' le
testimonianze di musica primitiva rimaste nella musica popolare europea
sono assai scarse, per avere qualche idea dell'attivita' musicale dei
promitivi gli studiosi dovettero rivolgere le loro ricerche alle trbu' che
ancora vivono l'eta' della pietra. Contemporaneamente lo studio da tempo
incominciato delle civilta' extraeuropee maggiormente sviluppate ebbe
nuovo impulso e diede vita a un nuovo ramo della musicologia dedicato
esclusivamente alla musica extraeuropea.
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Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
Sociologia della musica urbana: artisti di strada a Roma
by Federico Del Sordo
Meltemi Editore srl, 2005
262 pages
Accanto alla produzione musicale “istituzionale” ne esiste un’altra, che si
muove “sotterraneamente” negli spazi urbani creando relazioni e
interagendo nelle nostre vie quotidiane. È quella dei buskers, suonatori di
strada, di piazza o di metropolitana, insomma di “non-luoghi”: alcuni
italiani, molti provenienti dai flussi costanti dell’immigrazione,
specialmente quella dall’est dell’Europa. A Milano è nata un’associazione
per tutelare questi musicisti e per promuovere e diffondere eventi musicali
legati all’arte di strada. Perché in Italia soprusi e maltrattamenti sono
all’ordine del giorno, mentre in tanti paesi europei le autorità concedono ai
buskers perfino vere e proprie licenze che consentono loro di esibirsi in
tutta tranquillità. I pregiudizi sulla musica di strada si incontrano allora
con la sociologia della devianza, perché la musica-dello-straniero non
appare compatibile con la retorica del sistema. Per questo la musica sui
vagoni della metro diventa per l’autore una sorta di osservatorio
dell’esistere “turbato”. Questo testo offre una delle tante possibili letture di
un fatto musicale attuale, delineando i contorni di una sociologia della
musica attraverso la lente della disgregazione identitaria che il corpo
subisce, soprattutto a causa della sua crescente mediatizzazione.
Il suono riprodotto: storia, tecnica e cultura di una rivoluzione del Novecento
Alessandro Rigolli, Paolo Russo
EDT srl, 2007
ISBN 8860401763, 9788860401762
167 pages
Alla fine dell'Ottocento si verifica un evento che in pochi decenni
rivoluziona il modo di intendere, creare e ascoltare la musica: la messa a
punto di una tecnica per la riproduzione del suono. Con il fonografo a
cilindri, brevettato da Edison nel 1877, e il grammofono di Berliner,
comparso dieci anni dopo, l'ascolto musicale si trasforma, stimolato anche
dalla neonata industria discografica e radiofonica che tramuta in musica di
massa generi come il jazz, e in veri e propri personaggi mediatici artisti
come Enrico Caruso o Arturo Toscanini. Radio e dischi, inoltre, sono stati
i principali protagonisti della creazione di nuovi generi quali il rock o il
pop. I mezzi di riproduzione e diffusione sonora rappresentano oggi uno
dei principali canali di consumo musicale.
In un articolato confronto tenuto alla Casa della Musica di Parma in
occasione del convegno Ladimus del 2006, gli interventi di musicologi,
tecnici, artisti e discografici hanno spaziato dalla storia e dalla cultura
della musica riprodotta alla qualità del suono registrato come "oggetto"
culturale da conservare, dagli aspetti tecnico-creativi della registrazione a
quelli sociologici, fino all'esame dell'incisione del suono come
29
Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
interpretazione musicale di un testo. Qui raccolti, tali interventi
costituiscono un rilevante contributo al sempre più ampio dibattito sulle
molte sfaccettature che caratterizzano il panorama odierno della
registrazione e riproduzione musicale.
Mappa delle voci: rap, raggamuffin e tradizione in Italia
by Goffredo Plastino
Meltemi Editore srl, 1996
141 pages
La voce umana si diffonde dai ghetti urbani per esprimere pulsioni,
speranze, solitudini. Tracce sonore scandiscono il ritmo dei labirinti
metropolitani e, attraverso la tecnologia, si intrecciano con i rumori della
strada in uno slang musicale che si fa lingua della marginalità. Il rap e il
raggamuffin esaltano la voce e trasformano con esplosive improvvisazioni
verbali la vita quotidiana in un immediato racconto. La loro crescente
affermazione in Italia intercetta e amplifica i bisogni delle culture
giovanili. Nuove identità si sovrappongono ad antiche memorie. I dialetti
rivivono e si trasformano nell’incontro insolito e fecondo con il linguaggio
musicale della contemporaneità. E frammenti delle musiche tradizionali
vengono mescolati ai suoni digitali in una sintesi postmoderna.
Interpretare la differenza
Volume 36 of Critica e letteratura
Laura Di Michele, Luigi Gaffuri, Michela Nacci
Liguori Editore Srl, 2002
ISBN 8820733099, 9788820733094
258 pages
Multiculturalismo e identità, immigrazione ed esclusione, alterità e altrove,
razzismo e xenofobia, sincretismi e fondamentalismi religiosi, narrazioni e
nomadismi culturali sono i temi affrontati da questo libro che considera la
differenza come luogo multiplo, come foucaultiana formazione discorsiva
discontinua e in movimento. Argomenti che evocano sia i livelli di
condivisione e conflitto presenti nelle odierne società multietniche, sia le
contaminazioni e gli intrecci tra globale e locale caratterizzanti i confini
mobili e gli orizzonti incerti del mondo contemporaneo. Ma sono anche
aspetti consueti della vita quotidiana, ormai a tal punto parte del nostro
vocabolario culturale e politico che spesso ci è difficile penetrare nella
giungla di segni e simboli in cui siamo costantemente avvolti, anche a
nostra insaputa. In questa straordinaria giungla, minacciosa e allo stesso
tempo vitale, sono senza tregua messe alla prova, attaccate e decostruite e
infine risignificate, ma di nuovo sottoposte a discussione, quelle che
appaiono come diversità rispetto a identità acquisite nell’esperienza del
pensiero occidentale, come differenze tutte da esplorare non per
appropriarsene bensì per conoscere noi stessi e gli altri.
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Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
Educazione musicale e nuove tecnologie
Amedeo Gaggiolo
EDT srl, 2003
ISBN 8870636704, 9788870636703
156 pages
Il forte impulso ministeriale alla diffusione dell'informatica nella scuola ha
fatto sì che il computer sia entrato ormai, a tutti gli effetti, nella realtà
scolastica, diventando, grazie anche all'impegno e alla disponibilità di un
buon numero di insegnanti, un punto di riferimento per tutte le discipline.
Ma alla rapida diffusione delle risorse tecnologiche non corrispondono
modalità di utilizzo didattico efficaci e pertinenti, tantomeno a supporto
dell'educazione musicale. Questo libro si rivolge agli insegnanti di musica
di tutte le scuo-le e, utilizzando un linguaggio privo di tecnicismi, si
propone di:
- favorire l'aggiornamento, attraverso l'osservazione delle peculiarità
intrinseche al computer e l'esame delle nuove strategie che possono
svilupparsi dal rapporto fra didattica della musica e informatica;
- evidenziare i nuovi scenari espressivi e comunicativi che scaturiscono
dalla multime---dia-lità e dall'impiego di Internet in ambito educativo;
- offrire concrete attività di impiego del computer nell'educazione
musicale, attraverso una serie di unità didattiche che l'insegnante può
utilizzare direttamente in classe.
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Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
7. Complementary Methodology using the Internet
As anticipated earlier, we suggest the use of the Internet as an appealing tool to promote
engagement of the young generation. As children of the information age, youths are often regarded
and portrayed as technological experts in particular concerning all the communication skills they
can achieve using the Internet as tool for gathering and sharing information. Also, being able to
master the Internet is an imperative for anyone intending to enter the job market, especially in
creative economies, in the 21st Century. During the course students will be encouraged to use the
blogging and podcasting systems that they probably already use outise of the school, in order to
improve their own musical and learning experience.
YouTube resources
YouTube is a tools for video sharing on the Internet. Sometimes a video can teach much more than
an entire lesson at school (Fig. 5). The YouTube website has an incredible amount of visitors every
minute.
Fig. 5: A snapshot of a Youtube website showing how an innovative new musical instrument works.
32
Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
The YouTube website is one of the favourite place where young people use to upload and share
videos. Unregistered users can watch the videos, while registered users are permitted to upload an
unlimited number of videos.
For our purposes, YouTube would be useful for student to upload their own work and to learn by
seeing new way of thinking about music and moving image. Below we provide a list of suggestions
of YouTube sites about cultural and artistic work, interviews with important musicians, performers
and composers. These videos can be used in form of inspiration for their musical works.
Career challenges for Music Technologies:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fGJMNxMk6ak
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6glcY38btCk
Creative Music Technology, experimental works (Bath University):
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h9a54VXiPDU
Reactable, Collaborative tangible interface by Pompeu Fabra University
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rFcDbtSwWG0
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aFF5ljgSJXE
Modern minimalists presented by Bjiork:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MixrSzIa264
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2QTxvmlA95Q&NR=1
Multitouch surface as a MIDI controller:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTuxa6ID51c
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0O70FrnH2JU (Lemur Sequencer)
David Byrne, Playing the building:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gea9SYUdJeY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M1D30gS7Z8U
Squarepusher electronic music and video art:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jKi4aeMnWrU
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DnZVY7ksMr0
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZ0LL1SJ-6U (BBC interview)
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Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
Aphex Twin electronic music and video art:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XzRtepSfzGE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4j9goCerOg
MySpace Music
MySpace Music (part of MySpace) is a social networking website (Fig. 6). Each registered user (or
group of users) has an own profile. MySpace profiles for musicians in the website's MySpace Music
section differ from normal profiles in allowing artists to upload their entire discographies consisting
of MP3 songs. The uploader must have rights to use the songs (e.g. their own work, permission
granted, etc).
Fig. 6: A snapshot of the MySpace page of a musician showing a profile complete with an MP3 online player.
We suggest that every school sets up a MySpace page of the course/project. The students would be
allowed to upload their music composed and edited during the courses, and video clips of lessons
and rehearsals, for example.
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Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
Last.fm
Last.fm is a UK-based Internet radio and music community website, founded in 2002. It claims over
30 million active users based in more than 200 countries.
Users can create custom radio stations and playlists from any of the audio tracks in Last.fm's music
library, and are able to listen to some individual tracks on demand, or download tracks if the rights
holder has previously authorised it.
It will important also to broadcast the musical product through an internet radio as last.fm. In this
way there will be also a direct connection between different schools involved within the project.
8. Material to be Produced During the Courses and Final
Remarks
In order to collect material useful for the final presentation of the schools work elaborated during
the project but also for evaluation during the project we suggest that we make it compulsory that
each school feeds the E-motion consortium the follow material starting from the first lesson:
1. Video recordings of each lesson, especially the lesson with external teachers, but also
teaching of internal teachers within the subject suggestions for Emotion will be welcome.
2. A MySpace website where students are allowed to upload their own projects and some little
videos of lessons or rehearsals. It will be useful also to improve their way of present their
works and their involvement to the project.
3. A Last.fm account where upload and broadcast the students projects (last.fm is an internet
radio)
4. Create an YouTube school account to allow students in this project to upload videos about
lessons but also some work of the students where music can be together with moving image.
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Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
All these materials will be used to evaluate and improve students involvement and general attitude
with the tasks at hand.
It will be useful for the improvement of the involvement quality of each students. As we know
young students are really proud on being on the Internet. It will be important to give them the
possibility to show and share working progress music or videos. The videos we propose as
“complementary methodology suggestions” [section 7 of “Elaboration of the Module – Definition
of the programme (disciplines and time schedule)”] can be used as examples of what they can do
with music or video.
We also suggest the integration of the video and musical projects into some sort of video
documentary that could be presented at the final end-of-project meeting in Plymouth. One
concerning perming question that needs to be further discussed during the Rome meeting
concerns evaluation. Below is a quote from an email from one of the partners, who shares our
concerns:
“In order for the experiments to be evaluated we will need that the specific school
subjects to be addressed are determined for each experimentation centre. This must be
jointly done by the team in the experimentation centre and the Plymouth team.
Plymouth should ensure that some common patterns are present in all experimentation
centres for the results to be comparable.
It is also essential that not just the contents are determined, but also the competencies to
be acquired by learners. It is on the base of the competencies that the results of the
experimentation are going to be measurable. Competencies must include at least the
relevant pieces of knowledge, abilities and attitudes that learners must attain during the
experimentation.
Once the list of competencies is established, the set of observations can be devised. As
mentioned in previous reports, these observations must comprise both qualitative and
quantitative methods. In this process we will have to ensure that some of the
observations are common to the three experimentation centres. “
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Elaboration of the Module: Definition of the Programme - October 2009
Bibliography
[1] “Strategies to help solve our school dropout problem”, Franklin P. Schargel, Jay Smink, Eye on
Educationm 2001 (230)
[2] “Human Rights and Minorities in the New European Democracies: Educational and Cultural Aspects”,
Cezar Bîrzea, Council of Europe, 1996 (75)
[3] “ Growing up complete: the imperative for music education : the report of the National Commission on
Music Education”, National Commission on Music Education (U.S.), R&L Education, 1991, (25)
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