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SCHEDA
52
20-11-2009
10:49
Pagina 138
Struttura della frase (1)
52
Basic sentence structure (1)
Le frasi possono essere di quattro diversi tipi:
– frase dichiarativa, affermativa, negativa
Paul studies French. He doesn’t study German.
– frase interrogativa
Do you study English?
– frase imperativa [ SCHEDA 45]
Stand up!
– frase esclamativa. [ SCHEDA 46]
How nice!
Consideriamo qui le frasi dichiarative, affermative e negative, e le frasi interrogative.
Frasi affermative
1
In inglese la struttura della frase è meno flessibile che in italiano.
La seguente tabella presenta l’ordine più comune delle parole nelle frasi dichiarative affermative:
soggetto
verbo
oggetto
Who
Verb / Action
What
I
play
the piano
We
are meeting
John
Tom
walked
complementi
How
slowly
Where
When
in Rome
tomorrow
down the road
In inglese il soggetto viene sempre espresso.
L’espressione di tempo può trovarsi all’inizio della frase o in fondo alla frase.
Yesterday morning Jack bought a new stereo. = Jack bought a new stereo yesterday morning.
L’avverbio di modo non si trova mai tra verbo e complemento oggetto.
I like music very much. = Mi piace molto la musica.
I like very much music.
Per la posizione degli avverbi di frequenza [ SCHEDA 21].
Alcuni verbi, tra cui give, offer, send e lend, possono essere seguiti dal complemento oggetto e dal
complemento di termine o da due complementi oggetto (uso più comune).
The teacher gave a pen to Peter. = The teacher gave Peter a pen.
Their mother offered some coffee to us. = His mother offered us some coffee.
Ma quando ci sono due pronomi è possibile solo la prima costruzione:
Their mother offered it to us. non Their mother offered us it.
Continua alla Scheda 53
138
REVIEW, P. 142
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Exercises
1
Colloca le frasi nella tabella, scrivendo ogni parte nella colonna corretta.
When
Ex.
Who
Yesterday they
Action/State What
Where
ate
at my house
How
When
1.
52
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Ex. Yesterday they ate at my house.
1. My friends are going to visit the States next year.
2. My brother studies engineering at University.
3. We finished the test quickly.
2
Abbina le frasi alla definizione adatta.
1.
Stop chatting and get on with your work.
2.
My parents live in the suburbs.
3.
They don’t visit us very often.
4.
What a fantastic film!
5.
Is the film on tonight?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
frase dichiarativa negativa
frase dichiarativa affermativa
frase esclamativa
frase imperativa
frase interrogativa
4.
5.
6.
7.
I didn’t take a holiday last year.
I saw my Mum on the TV.
They go to school by bus in the morning.
In the morning they take their kids to school by car.
4
Riordina le parole e costruisci frasi. Usa
la forma contratta dove possibile.
Ex. got / e-mail address. / have / They / not / an
They
haven’t got an email address.
..................................................................................................................
2. by / travelling / Marzia / not / like / does / train.
....................................................................................................................
3. very / opened / front / She / door / quietly. / the
....................................................................................................................
4. speak / them / party. / I / not / did / to / at / the
....................................................................................................................
5. to / parents. / going / am / I / tell / your
....................................................................................................................
6. in / could / get / see / film. / the / We / not / to
3
In ogni frase c’è un errore nell’ordine
delle parole. Trovalo e correggilo.
Ex. They’re really well playing today.
They’re
playing really well today.
..................................................................................................................
1. We like very much Italian food.
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
7. quite / are / Venice / restaurants / in / Most /
expensive.
....................................................................................................................
8. group / went / mountains / skiing / Our / the /
in / last winter.
....................................................................................................................
2. We’re meeting tomorrow our friends in town.
....................................................................................................................
3. They both speak very fluently English.
....................................................................................................................
4. My brother bought yesterday morning a new bike.
....................................................................................................................
5. My Aunt sent to me a pair of socks for Christmas.
....................................................................................................................
5
Scegli l’alternativa corretta.
Ex. They lent me / to me two euros for the bus
fare home.
1. I’ll send the file you / to you.
2. They offered to us / us a coffee.
3. They gave it us / to us.
4. They offered me / to me a hand.
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SCHEDA
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Pagina 140
Struttura della frase (2)
53
Basic sentence structure (2)
Segue dalla Scheda 52
2
53
Frasi negative
Nelle frasi negative con do, did l’ordine delle parole segue la sequenza delle frasi affermative, con
l’aggiunta di not e del verbo principale:
soggetto + ausiliare + not + (verbo) + complementi.
He doesn’t play the piano every day.
Nelle frasi con be e have e con i modali must, should, ought to, may, might, can, could, will, shall,
would, need il not segue l’ausiliare e il verbo modale.
I am not hungry.
They haven’t seen a UFO.
John mustn’t forget to bring the tickets for the theatre.
People should not pollute rivers.
Nelle frasi con do, did il not si colloca tra l’ausiliare e il verbo.
He doesn’t work here.
They didn’t arrive on time.
Oltre a not, parole negative come never, no, nobody, no-one, nothing, nowhere, neither, nor e
parole riduttive come hardly, rarely, seldom, few, little servono a rendere una frase negativa.
He did nothing for his friends.
I hardly see him. = Non lo vedo quasi mai.
Nell’inglese corretto non si usano due negazioni all’interno della stessa frase.
I dont’ see anybody
non
I don’t see nobody.
3
Frasi interrogative [ SCHEDE 42 E 43]
La frase interrogativa può essere di due tipi:
– Le “Yes / No” questions seguono quest’ordine:
ausiliare + soggetto + verbo + complementi.
Have you bought the newspaper today?
Did they do the work well?
– Le Wh- questions iniziano con le parole: Who, Where, Why, What, When, Which, Whose, How.
Se la parola interrogativa è il soggetto del verbo, non si inverte il verbo e non si ricorre all’ausiliare.
Who wants a cup of tea?
non
Who does want a cup of tea?
Se la parola interrogativa è il complemento oggetto del verbo si ricorre all’ausiliare e si ha
l’inversione di ausiliare e soggetto.
Who did you see at the library?
L’ordine della frase interrogativa negativa è il seguente:
ausiliare + negazione (n’t) + soggetto + verbo + complementi.
Aren’t they British?
Didn’t you take the exams last week?
REVIEW, P. 142
140
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Exercises
6
Trasforma le frasi come indicato.
Ex. The match starts at 7p.m.
The match doesn’t start at 7p.m.
(negative) ..........................................................................................
1. Who wants a pizza this evening?
(negative) .............................................................................................
2. We won the semi-final.
(negative) .............................................................................................
3. We didn’t enjoy ourselves at the party.
8
Formula domande con who o what.
Ex. I told someone.
Who
did you tell?
..................................................................................................................
1. They helped someone.
....................................................................................................................
2. Someone e-mailed me.
....................................................................................................................
3. Something is making that noise.
(affirmative) .......................................................................................
4. Have they been to New York?
4. He’s making something.
(negative) .............................................................................................
5. They went to the cinema last night.
5. Something happened.
(interrogative)
...................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
6. Someone helped them.
....................................................................................................................
7
Completa le domande nel tempo
corretto, aggiungendo eventualmente
i verbi ausiliari.
Ex. Who / come / to the party / tomorrow night?
Who’s
coming to the party tomorrow night?
..................................................................................................................
Everyone – all our friends are coming, it’ll be
great!
1. Why / you / not come / to training / last night?
7. 1 wrote to someone.
....................................................................................................................
8. She was looking for someone.
....................................................................................................................
9. Someone was looking for him.
....................................................................................................................
9
Traduci in inglese le seguenti frasi.
....................................................................................................................
I was too tired.
2. Who / you / speak to / at the bus stop?
....................................................................................................................
Nobody – just a friend.
3. Where / you / meet / your new boyfriend?
....................................................................................................................
He’s in my class at school.
4. How much / those jeans?
....................................................................................................................
Only 100 euros – per leg!
5. you / got / anything to eat? – I’m hungry.
1. Incontriamo Samuele e Didier in centro
domani.
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
2. Hai fatto vacanze quest’estate?
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
3. Giovanna parla benissimo inglese.
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
4. Non ho mai visitato Parigi.
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
Sure, there are some sausages in the fridge.
6. What / you / going to do / this evening?
....................................................................................................................
5. Dove hai comprato quel cappotto?
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
Don’t know – any suggestions?
7. you / see / Mark / anywhere?
....................................................................................................................
No, I haven’t seen him all day.
8. Which platform / the 16.10 to London / leave from?
....................................................................................................................
6. Vado ogni giorno nella palestra vicino alla
scuola.
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
Number 3, I think.
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Review
Pagina 142
(52-53)
Componi frasi con le parole date.
1
3
Ex. my parents / wrote / I / to / last month.
I.................................................................................................................
wrote to my parents last month.
1. going out / you / this evening? / Are
...................................................................................................................
2. you / party? / at / Who / did / the / speak to
...................................................................................................................
3. don’t / them? / call / Why / you
...................................................................................................................
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
In ogni frase c’è un errore. Trovalo e
correggilo.
We gave to them our car for the day.
He drives very slowly his car in town.
We’re meeting tomorrow morning our friends.
Where you go for your holidays last year?
I not coming to the match tonight.
They not call me last night.
Likes your brother living in London?
When arriving your parents?
4. get up / It’s nice / early / to / on Sundays.
...................................................................................................................
4
5. for Christmas. / gave / me / My brother / a CD
...................................................................................................................
Ex. We gave a present to Peter.
6. the meeting. / didn’t / They / tell / me / about
...................................................................................................................
7. it / I’ll / them / to / tomorrow. / give
...................................................................................................................
Riscrivi le frasi usando una forma
alternativa.
We
gave Peter a present.
.................................................................................................................
1. She offered her friends some help.
...................................................................................................................
2. They offered a sandwich to me.
...................................................................................................................
2
Scegli una definizione (a-f ) per le
espressioni sottolineate nel dialogo.
Danny: Jake, (1
Jake:
) what are you doing?
Hi, (2
) I’m just doing some last
minute training.
Danny: Oh, yes – (3
) haven’t you got a big
match tomorrow?
Jake:
Volleyball.
(5
Jake:
) come early!
) Are Gary and Alasdair playing?
) we’ll all be playing.
) What a team! Where are you in the
championship?
Jake:
We’re second but if we win we go top.
Danny: OK, I’m definitely coming but whatever
happens, don’t lose – OK?
Jake:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
(10
) Don’t worry, we won’t.
frase dichiarativa positiva
frase dichiarativa negativa
frase interrogativa
frase imperativa
frase esclamativa
frase interrogativa negativa
142
...................................................................................................................
6. We gave an umbrella to them.
7. Mark sent a nice present to Joe.
5
) It starts at 8p.m. but there’ll be lots
Yes, they are – (8
Danny: (9
5. We lent them £5.
) what a match! What time
of people so (6
Danny: (7
...................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
does it start?
Jake:
...................................................................................................................
4. They sent us a postcard.
...................................................................................................................
Yes that’s right, we’re at home to Albatross
Danny: Wow – (4
3. She’s going to send a parcel to us.
Completa le domande inserendo i verbi
fra parentesi alla forma corretta.
1. “Why ............................................... (you, phone) me last
night?” “I wanted to ask you out for a drink.”
2. “How ............................................... (he, get) to work in the
mornings?” “By car.”
3. “Who ............................................... (make) all that noise?”
“Your brother, as usual.”
4. “ ............................................... (you, be) to America?” “No,
never.”
5. “Where ............................................... (your mother, play
tennis)?” “At the local club.”
6. “When ............................................... (they, arrive)?”
“About 10 minutes ago.”
7. “Where ............................................... (be, the nearest post
office)?” “It’s just down the road.”
8. “ ............................................... you (like, the film)?” “It
wasn’t bad.”
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Scrivi domande adeguate alle situazioni.
8
1. “ ................................................................................................................
(be, you, British)?”
“No, I’m Australian.”
2. “ ................................................................................................................
(be, that, your new car)?”
“Yes it is – do you like it?”
3. “ ................................................................................................................
(win, you, the match)?”
“No, we lost 3-0.”
4. “ ................................................................................................................
(can ski, you)?”
“No, I’m absolutely hopeless.”
5. “ ................................................................................................................
(be, you, at the party, last night)?”
“No I wasn’t. Maybe you saw my twin brother.”
6. “ ................................................................................................................
(come, you, to the pizzeria, this evening)?”
“I’m afraid not.”
7. “ ................................................................................................................
(see, you, the new James Bond film)?”
“No, but I hope to see it this weekend.”
8. “ ................................................................................................................
(tell, you, anybody)?”
“No, I didn’t have the courage.”
PET Completa il blog indicando per
ogni spazio l’alternativa corretta tra
quelle suggerite.
I was really surprised when my friend
(1) ............................................. me about his
decision. A UK university
(2) ............................................. offered him a
position and he’d decided to take it.
I asked him (3) ............................................. the
university was and he said it was Warwick
University near (4) .............................................
Coventry.
He said he knew (5) .............................................
about the UK or the University but that he
would really like (6) .............................................
abroad. He also told me that he
(7) ............................................. knew any English
but wanted to learn as soon as possible. I
gave (8) ............................................. my old English
exercise book and he promised to study in the
(9) ............................................. few months.
1. a. tell
b. told
c. said
d. sayd
2. a. have
b. is
c. had
d. are
3. a. where
b. when
c. why
d. what
4. a. to
b. by
c. at
d. –
3. I really like house music.
5. a. anything
b. nothing
c. everything
d. some
I like house music
4. I gave Pete £5.
6. a. study
b. studying
c. studied
d. to study
7. a. hard
b. didn’t
c. hardly
d. did
6. He only plays football occasionally.
8. a. her
b. she
c. he
d. him
He .................................................. play football very often.
7. I don’t have much time.
9. a. near
b. next
c. last
d. nearby
7
PET Completa la seconda frase in
modo che abbia lo stesso significato
della prima. Usa un massimo di tre
parole.
1. That’s a lovely shirt.
...................................................................................
a lovely shirt!
2. Would anyone like some tea?
............................................................................
wants some tea?
......................................................................
I gave ....................................................................................... Pete.
5. You’re Italian, aren’t you?
.................................................................................................
..............................................................................
Italian?
got much time.
8. Byrony lent me two CDs.
Byrony lent two CDs
.................................................................
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