ERROR IDENTIFICATION -1- ECCO alcune delle categorie grammaticali dove si collocano gli errori nella prova standardizzata (idoneità – B1). Le domande ti aiuteranno a focalizzare su i punti pertinenti per ogni categoria. Decidete quale delle due parti sottolineate in ogni frase contiene l’errore e sbarratela. nb. Questo attività non sostituisce uno studio delle basi grammaticali, anzi, bisognerà utilizzare il testo di grammatica per trovare risposte alle domande. VERBS (1) Controllare il soggetto e il verbo Sono presenti entrambi soggetto e verbo? Controlla che non ci sono due soggetti. 1. Antique furniture sells well although is expensive/it is expensive. 2. Children they need/ need love and protection. 3. The director will see you if you will/if will wait a few minutes. 4. Running upstairs it is/is good exercise. 5. The elephant population has declined/ it has declined rapidly because many of them are killed each year. 6. That girl is/ she is my sister’s best friend. 7. That man has/he has no driving licence. 8. The space shuttle returned/it returned to earth safely. 9. Eating regularly helps/it helps you have a balanced diet. 10. Some people claim/ they claim imported wine is better than domestic wine. 11. Are using/Are you using your Maths notes tomorrow? 12. How much do cost/do they cost? VERBS (2) Controllare se il soggetto è il verbo concordano. Dopo each/every/all/both/neither/either segue la 3° persona singolare o plurale del verbo? Il verbo concorda con il soggetto? 1. Everything in the house were/was destroyed by fire ERROR IDENTIFICATION -2- 2. Each item of fruit were/was organically grown. 3. Everything in the house are/is for sale. 4. All the clothes was/were expensive. 5. Every student want/wants to pass the English test. 6. The English is/are well-known for their love of tea. 7. Everyone have/has to arrive at 8:30 every morning. 8. Several doctors is/are employed by the centre. 9. Both the chair and the sofa is/are on sale. 10. Everyone in the class was/were working hard. 11. The boys has/have just gone to the cinema. 12. The ability to hide themselves by camouflage allows/allow some animals to survive. 13. There are/is several universities in this city. 14. The neighbour’s dogs were/was barking last night. 15. Both boys is/are going to live in Australia. 16. Neither of them like/likes it here. (either answer is correct!/both answers are correct!) 17. All of them want/wants to join the club. VERBS (3) Controllare il tempo verbale. Quale forma del verbo suggerisce l’espressione di tempo? Ci sono altri indizi? 1. Yesterday we go/went to see an interesting film. 2. John Kennedy died/has died in 1963. 3. At the beginning of the lesson the teacher starts/started coughing. 4. The doctor has been/was out of town since last week. ERROR IDENTIFICATION -3- 5. The weather was good so we enjoyed/enjoy our holiday. 6. Since they move/moved here they have lived in that tiny apartment. 7. They realized that somebody has/had stolen the bike. 8. Look at those clouds. I think it rains/ is going to rain. 9. When are you getting/do you get married? 10. If there will be/are a lot people, the party will be a success. 11. When you will hand/hand in your report we will discuss it. 12. Do you do/Are you doing anything this evening? Shall we go out? 13. The house was/is built in 1978. 14. I was/am born in 1980. VERBS (4). Controllare le forme composte. Il tempo verbale richiede un ausiliare? Quale ausiliare? E’ una domanda? L’ausiliare per la domanda è quello giusto? L’ordine delle parole è quello giusto? 1. What the man/did the man say? 2. The picture has fallen/fallen behind the sofa. 3. Did you had/ have a good holiday? 4. The child has /is been bitten by a snake! 5. More poems are /have been written about love than about any other subject. 6. Where is going the man with the hat?/Where is the man with the hat going? 7. How went the lesson/How did the lesson go? 8. Do you often play tennis?/Play you often tennis? 9. How long you been in Italy?/How long have you been in Italy? VERBS (5) Controllare le forme irregolari dei verbi Il verbo è regolare o irregolare? Ha la forma giusta? Che cosa succede con il modale? ERROR IDENTIFICATION -4- 1. The program has already began/begun. 2. This is the first time a player has broken/ has broke his arm. 3. The local newspaper is read/is red by many people. 4. The ship sunk/sank ten miles from the coast. 5. Last week I must/had to go to the dentist. 6. Everyone but the caretaker has left/ has leaved the building. 7. Not everybody who applies for a job can be chosen/chosed. 8. He ran/run as fast as he could towards the exit. 9. I fell/felt unhappy after hearing the sad news. 10. The lifeguard swam/swum out to the drowning boy. 11. I was thrilled when he gived/gave me the ring. 12. Somebody rung/rang the bell. VERBS (6). Se ci sono due verbi principali, controlla la forma del secondo verbo. Quale struttura richiede il primo verbo (infinito con/senza to; forma in ing?). C’è una preposizione? Se sì, che forma prende il verbo dopo la preposizione? 1. Everyone must to write/write a composition last week. 2. They want discuss/to discuss the matter in private. 3. He has asked me to give/give him some advice. 4. I would like to see/ see you again. 5. I’ll let you to decide/decide where you want to go on holiday this year. 6. Have you finished reading/to read that book yet? 7. I don’t mind missing/to miss the party if I can see you next week. 8. Will you stop to shout/ shouting! I’m not deaf. 9. The doctor advised Jane not to eat/not eat so much junk food. ERROR IDENTIFICATION -5- 10. Shall we to go/ go to the new pizzeria in the centre of town? 11. Remember sending/ to send your mother a card for her birthday next week. 12. I tried to contact/ contact my boss but she was away. 13. After finishing/finish lessons, the class went to lunch. 14. I spent my holidays sunbathing/sunbathe on the beach. MODAL VERBS (1) FUNCTIONS Qual è la funzione del modale nella conversazione? Richiesta? Offerta? Proposta? Il chiedere permesso? Il mettersi d’accordo? 1. Can I / Will I sit here for a moment? I’m really tired. 2. Will you / Should you help me? My bag is very heavy. 3. Could you / Shall we speak more slowly, please? I don’t understand German. 4. Shall we/ Would we go for a walk by the river? It’s such a lovely day! 5. Will I /Could I use the phone? 6. Would I / May I leave my suitcase in this room? 7. Shall I /Will you lend me your notes? 8. What shall we/do we do on Saturday? Shall we / Do we go to Peter’s Party? 9. Will we/Shall we go by bus or take a taxi? 10. What time do we meet / shall we meet? 11. Would you /Do you like to come to my birthday party next weekend? 12. Would you /Will you prefer to come at the weekend or on a weekday? MODAL VERBS (2) Quando si usano must e have to? Should può essere sostituito da altri verbi? Quando si usano: would could, may, might? ERROR IDENTIFICATION -6- 1. Tell Mary she mustn’t /doesn’t have to drive me to the station. I’m going by bus. 2. We mustn’t/don’t have to be late. I don’t want to miss the beginning of the film. 3. How long musted you / did you have to wait for the bus last night? 4. I will have to / will must buy a new computer next year. 5. You should /could always be polite to customers. 6. Do you think I must / ought to wait a few minutes longer. 7. The journey was awful. I had to / must change trains three times. 8. At a job interview you really shouldn’t /should arrive late. 9. Do you think I should / must wear a suit or just casual clothes? 10. What would / should you wear if you had a job interview? 11. I wouldn’t / oughtn’t to be very happy if they built an airport near my house. 12. I couldn’t / can’t speak until I was five. 13. Could /Can you go to the meeting in my place tomorrow? 14. It may / would rain so I’ll take my umbrella. 15. There might / would be a train strike next week. WHICH VERB? Si usa lo stesso verbo in inglese come in italiano? 1. I always do breakfast/have breakfast before 8.00 in the morning. 2. He has/is 16 years old. 3. Do you usually do/have a shower in the morning? 4. How go you/How are you? 5. When are you giving/doing your English test? 6. Do you attend/frequent lectures? ERROR IDENTIFICATION -7- ADJECTIVES La posizione dell’aggettivo è corretto? Ci vuole il participio passato (…ed) o participio presente (…ing). Se è comparativa o superlativo, è la forma giusta? 1. I stayed until the end of the lesson interesting/interesting lesson. 2. I have never eaten such a horrible dish/dish horrible. 3. The boy, tiring/tired from the trip, fell asleep. 4. The crowd enjoyed the exciting/excited film. 5. Some confusing /confused students asked the teacher to explain again. 6. I found the film really boring/bored. 7. Of all clothes, designer clothes are more/the most expensive. 8. My brother is taller that/than me. 9. It’s the best exciting/the most exciting film I’ve ever seen. 10. The weather in the north is worse/worst than in the south. 11. Peter’s spoken English is good/better than mine. ADJECTIVE OR ADVERB? Ci vuole un aggettivo o un avverbio? 1. He has no reason to be so anger/angry. 2. The class worked hard/hardly all term. 3. My neighbour is studying agricultural/agriculture. 4. The men did not know they were in a dangerous/dangerously situation. 5. His wife is extreme/extremely nice. 6. On the application form please include your name and national/nationality. ERROR IDENTIFICATION -8- RELATIVE PRONOUNS Il pronome relativo fa riferimento ad una persona, una cosa o un luogo? Potrebbe essere possessivo? Si potrebbe omettere il pronome? 1. No-one likes children which/who are rude. 2. The books which/whom I bought were quite interesting. 3. It was Albert Einstein who/where developed the theory of relativity. 4. Do you know whose/who these papers are? 5. Do you know anybody who/which has a room to rent? 6. The place where/which we spent our honeymoon was beautiful. 7. The person whose/which car I have just hit looks very angry. 8. He has sold the car which/whose he bought last year. 9. The people he met/where he met at the meeting were all entrepreneurs. 10. The workers I spoke to/who I spoke to were all angry. (both are correct) CONJUNCTIONS La congiunzione introduce un motivo, un idea contrastante, o un risultato? 1. I must phone him today but/as it’s very urgent. 2. The Grand Hotel has a swimming pool, because/while the Oak Hotel doesn’t. 3. I don’t think I will go jogging as well as/if it rains. 4. Despite/Although they loved the group, they didn’t go to the concert. 5. He was busy, however,/since he did not keep me waiting. 6. So/As I was tired, I stopped running. 7. I was tired so/since I stopped running. 8. Since/although it was a lovely day we went on a day trip to the mountains. ERROR IDENTIFICATION 9. -9- However/Although we liked the place, we didn’t return. 10. Even though/Unless she hated horror films, she went to see Psycho with her friends. PRONOUNS, POSSESSIVES, REFLEXIVES Ci vuole il soggetto o complemento? Ci vuole l’aggettivo o il pronome possessivo? E meglio l’articolo o il possessivo? Ci vuole il riflessivo in inglese? 1. Everyone has decided to go by coach except him/he. 2. They dressed theirselves/themselves quickly and left. 3. Julie told me that this book belongs to hers/her. 4. Are these your notes or their/theirs. 5. I’ll give you some of my/mine if you give me some of yours. 6. Isn’t that friend of yours/your staying with you this weekend? 7. He put the/his hand in his pocket and pulled out a rabbit. 8. After a busy day he likes to relax/relax himself. 9. We prefer living by ourself/ourselves. 10. Lessons go on until January, and our/the our exam is in February. WORD ORDER Qual è la posizione giusta per enough con un sostantivo? E con un aggettivo? La domanda è diretta o indiretta? L’avverbio è nella posizione giusta? Qual è la forma giusta per la domanda? 1. It is not enough hot/hot enough to swim. 2. Can you tell me where is the post office?/where the post office is? 3. The school had usually/usually had excellent results. 4. I sometimes spend/spend sometimes afternoons in the park. ERROR IDENTIFICATION - 10 - 5. He is always/ always is sitting in his room studying. 6. Nobody knew why was the teacher absent/why the teacher was absent. 7. How many sweets have you eaten/you have eaten this morning? 8. Do you have money enough/enough money to buy the things you need? 9. The letter you have written is too short. It isn’t long enough/enough long. 10. Why everything is/is everything so complicated? 11. You have been / Have you been here before? 12. How often do you go/you do go swimming? 13. He spoke very well English/English very well. 14. I like your new car very much,/very much your new car. PREPOSITIONS Quale preposizione si usa con espressioni di tempo eg il mese, il giorno, la data, parti della giornata etc? Con i luoghi, i mezzi di trasporto? ecc. Quale preposizione segue l’ aggettivo? Dopo go, reach, arrive, get quale preposizioni ci va? 1. We’ll go out together again on /in July. 2. We don’t often go shopping in the evening/at the evening. 3. Are you going to the seaside/at the seaside this summer? 4. The Smiths have gone in the mountains/to the mountains. 5. What time shall we go to home/go home? 6. Let’s go to Rome in train/by train this time. 7. He’s really good in football/good at football. 8. Are you keen in/keen on history? 9. Are you interested of/interested in collecting things? 10. Everyone is capable on/capable of doing this exercise. 11. Let’s get some information about/of tourist events. ERROR IDENTIFICATION - 11 - 12. What time did you get/get to the airport? 13. You needn’t be so worried about/worried of Charlie. He can look after himself. NOUNS and DETERMINERS Il sostantivo è numerabile o non numerabile? Ci vuole some or any? much or many? a few or a little? 1. Where can we find information/informations about cultural events? 2. When I asked him for some advice/ advices he told me to make an appointment. 3. There is some/any coffee in the cupboard. 4. I don’t have some/any time to tidy my room now. I’m late. 5. Mathematics is/are a pure science. 6. Your hair are/is always untidy. 7. How much/many money is left in the box? 8. Only a little/a few students attended lectures this term. 9. The news are/is always on at ten o’clock. 10. How many/much sugar do you take? 11. He usually leaves a little/a few time for questions at the end of the lecture. 12. How much/many children came to the party? 13. I have to do my homeworks/homework before going out. 14. Can you help me with my luggages/luggage, please? DETERMINERS Dopo each/every/all ci vuole un sostantivo singolare o plurale? Com’è la struttura con of? Come cambia la struttura con un pronome? Come si usa most? 1. Every children/child who came to the party received a present. ERROR IDENTIFICATION - 12 - 2. All/Each students taking the English test must bring a pencil. 3. None of the/none of people at the conference used a computer. 4. All them/All of them used a word processor to write notes. 5. Most of/Most dogs make very good companions. PARTICULAR STRUCTURES Qualè la struttura con want, tell, if, when, make, let etc; Il passivo? Il discorso indiretto? Il condizionale? 1. I want that you/I want you to take me to the station. 2. When he will arrive/he arrives we’ll let you know. 3. I don’t know where the meeting is/where is the meeting taking place. 4. When I was little my mother made me wash/made me to wash the dishes. 5. Can you tell me if the lecture does start/starts at 8.00. 6. The man said that he will/would work late that night. 7. He asked me where did I live/I lived. 8. If there is/will be some good music people will dance. 9. Unless you bring your stereo we don’t/won’t have any music for the party. 10. If I had/have a bigger house I would convert one room into a study. 11. If you are punctual for your job interview tomorrow, you give/will give a good impression. MULTIWORD VERBS (phrasal and prepositional verbs) Qual’è la particella giusta per questi verbi? 1. He carried on/with speaking fast, although we had asked him to slow down. 2. I stopped smoking when I was thirty. I gave up/off. ERROR IDENTIFICATION - 13 - 3. Have you ever discussed /discussed of the matter with him? 4. I picked him out/up at the airport, as he had no-one to meet him. 5. I’m coming to Parma this weekend and I’ve nowhere to stay. Can you put me up/away? 6. His talk consists in/of a history of football and rugby. 7. My mother paid /paid for the shopping by credit card. 8. What did the police find up/out about the missing boy? 9. Mary looks after/for her small brother when her mother is at work. 14. At seven o’clock we set up/off on our journey to the mountains. 15. The boy doesn’t study, he depends of/depends on his good memory. 16. I’m really looking forward to/looking forward of going to the conference. 17. I certainly approve of/approve your plans to get work experience abroad. 18. The manager gave out/gave up the schedule of work. 19. When did you find of/find out about the scandal? OTHER STRUCTURES Quando si usano so e such? as e like? Si possono usare due negativi in una frase? Usi diversi di what. 1. He is a so/such a nice person! 2. He works as/like a waiter in a restaurant. 3. I can’t understand why he behaved like/as that. 4. Like/As you know, I don’t agree with you. 5. What lovely place / a lovely place! 6. I know what / that which he wants. 7. I didn’t know nobody/anybody at the party.